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THE INFLUENCE OF FIELD AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION (PPL)

DEVELOPMENT ON THE DYNAMICS OF FARMER GROUPS

Yayat Rahmat Hidayat, Achmad Faqih, Toni Hidayat, Sunaenah, Akhmad Faizal, Heru

Hermawan

Faculty of Agriculture Swadaya Gunung University, Indonesia

Email: yayat.[email protected], achmad[email protected]

Abstract

The role of agricultural extension workers is needed to improve the abilities, knowledge and

skills of each member of the farmer group so that the goals of the farmer group can be

achieved properly. An extension worker in fostering farmer groups in an effort to increase

production and productivity by helping to develop definitive group plans (RDK) and (RDKK).

In addition, in terms of fostering farmer groups, extension workers implement the Training

and Visit (LAKU) work system. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of

agricultural extension workers in assisting the preparation of DRC and RDKK; knowing the

development of agricultural extension workers in the Training and Visit Work System

(LAKU); knowing the influence of agricultural extension worker development in assisting the

preparation of RDK RDKK and agricultural extension worker development in the Training

and Visit Work System (LAKU) on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune

Association, Sukagumiwang Village, Sukagumiwang District, Indramayu Regency. This

research was conducted in Sukagumiwang Village, Sukagumiwang District, Indramayu

Regency. The research was carried out in October-December 2022. The respondents in this

study were Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune Association (GAPOKTAN) as many as 89

people. The design used in this study was quantitative descriptive. Data analysis techniques

in this study use descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, f-Test, t-Test and

coefficient of determination. The results showed that the development of agricultural

extension workers in assisting the preparation of RDK RDKK and the training and visit work

system (LAKU) had a real effect on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune

Association. The development of agricultural extension workers in assisting the preparation

of RDK RDKK with the development of agricultural extension workers in the Training and

Visit Work System has a real effect together on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Farmer

Fortune Association.

Keywords

: field agricultural extension development (PPL); group dynamics;

farmer groups

INTRODUCTION

The challenge of agricultural development in facing the era of globalization is the fact

that Indonesian agriculture is only a small business, has narrow land, has little capital and has

low productivity. This condition has an unfavorable impact on competition in the global

market. Therefore, special efforts are needed to empower farmers and other agricultural

business actors to improve their lives and improve their welfare (Haryanto, 2011). The role of

agricultural extension workers is needed to improve the abilities, knowledge and skills of each

member of the farmer group so that the goals of the farmer group can be achieved properly.

The role of extension workers in fostering farmer groups leads to creating strong and

Injuruty: Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity

Volume 2, Number 8, August 2023

e-ISSN: 2963-4113 and p-ISSN: 2963-3397

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Groups

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726

independent farmer groups, improving the ability of group members in agribusiness

development, and improving the ability of farmer groups to carry out their functions.

According Nasir (2010) in Faqih (2016), The development of farmer groups is directed

at increasing the ability of farmer groups to carry out their functions, increasing the ability of

members in agribusiness development, and strengthening farmer groups that become strong

and independent farmer organizations. According Mardikanto (1998) dalam Faqih (2016)

Success indicators used to measure the implementation of farmer group empowerment include:

1) the number of group members who are actually interested in the activities carried out, 2) the

frequency of attendance of each group member at the implementation of each type of activity,

3) the level of ease of program implementation to obtain member consideration or approval of

new ideas put forward, 4) the number and type of ideas put forward by the group aimed at

smooth running implementation of control programs, 5) the amount of funds that can be

extracted from group members to support the implementation of activity programs, and 7)

increasing the capacity of group member participation scales.

An extension worker in fostering farmer groups in an effort to increase production and

productivity by helping to develop definitive group plans (RDK) and (RDKK). Given that the

ability of farmers to prepare Group Definitive Plans (RDK) and Group Needs Definitive Plans

(RDKK) is still limited, agricultural extension workers need to foster and guide farmer groups

(Kementrian Pertanian, 2018). In addition, in terms of fostering farmer groups, extension

workers implement the Training and Visit (LAKU) work system. The training and visit work

system is expected to motivate agricultural extension workers in carrying out their functions as

companions and guides for farmers, as well as ensuring the continuity of extension worker

development to farmers in carrying out better agricultural activities, so as to increase

production, productivity and income (Ahmad et al., 2021).

Sukagumiwang Village, Sukagumiwang District, Indramayu Regency is an area where

almost some of its residents work as farmers and have many farmer groups. However, not all

farmer groups in Sukagumiwang Village participate in the Extension Development Program.

This is because the members of the farmer group in Sukagumiwang Village, Sukagumiwang

District, are mostly elderly, so the interest and motivation and awareness of the farmer group

members are passive and unresponsive to innovations in agriculture provided by extension

workers.

One way that can be used to form a group that gathers together for one purpose is to hold

counseling. The implementation of agricultural extension is the delivery of agricultural

information and technology to its users. We often refer to agricultural information and

technology as extension messages or agricultural extension materials (Pakpahan et al., 2021).

The agricultural extension material that will be delivered by extension workers to farmer

groups is expected to have a positive impact on improving the welfare of farmer groups

(Kustanti et al., 2021). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the influence of

agricultural extension workers in assisting the preparation of DRC and RDKK; knowing the

development of agricultural extension workers in the Training and Visit Work System

(LAKU); knowing the influence of agricultural extension worker development in assisting the

preparation of RDK RDKK and agricultural extension worker development in the Training and

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Visit Work System (LAKU) on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune

Association, Sukagumiwang Village, Sukagumiwang District, Indramayu Regency.

METHOD RESEARCH

This research was conducted in Sukagumiwang Village, Sukagumiwang District,

Indramayu Regency. The research was carried out in October-December 2022. The

respondents in this study were Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune Association

(GAPOKTAN) as many as 89 people.

The design used in this study was quantitative descriptive. According to Sugiyono

(2018), Research data on a quantitative approach in the form of numbers and analysis using

statistics are used to examine certain populations or samples, data collection using quantitative

/ statistical data analysis research instruments with the aim of testing hypotheses that have

been set. The type of data in this study uses primary data and secondary data. Data collection

techniques in this study include observation, interviews and questionnaires (questionnaires).

Data analysis techniques in this study use descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression

analysis, f-Test, f-Test and coefficient of determination. Multiple linear regression equation

model as follows :

a + b1X1 + b2X2 + e

Group Dynamics

Intecept

b1-b2

Regression coefficient

Preparation of DRC and RDKK

Training and Visitation Work System (LAKU)

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. Overview of Agricultural Extension Development (X

) in Assisting the Preparation of

RDK and RDKK

The results of surveys and interviews in the field of farmers in the preparation of RDK

and RDKK showed that from the total reality score obtained as much as 27.00 of the total

expectation score with as many as 32. This shows that the total percentage of farmers' reality

value in the preparation of RDK and RDKK is 84.38% and is included in the high category.

The results of data analysis for the preparation of RDK and RDKK can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. Results of Data Analysis of RDK and RDKK Preparation

Preparation of RDK and RDKK (X1)

Score

Percentage

(%)

Category

Hope

Fact

Group Objectives

24,76

77,39

Keep

Group Structure

24,84

77,63

Keep

Group Task Functions

18,89

78,70

Tall

Group Maintenance

15,92

79,61

Tall

Group Cohesiveness

12,39

61,97

Keep

Group Climate

9,87

82,21

Tall

Group Pressure

9,64

60,25

Keep

EffectivenessIn Groups

14,90

62,08

Keep

Covert Agenda

6,25

78,09

Tall

Sum

184

137,46

74,71

Keep

Source: Primary Data Analysis

Based on data analysis, it can be obtained that the dynamics of GAPOKTAN has

reached 74.71% and this is included in the high category. This shows that the dynamics of

farmer groups in the Farmer Fortune Association of Sukagumiwang Village,

Sukagumiwang District, Indramayu Regency can be applied well by Gapoktan members so

that their implementation can be carried out properly.

According to Effendi (2004) Stating three reasons for the formation of farmer groups

which include better (optimal) use of all available resources, development by the

government as a tool of development, and the existence of ideological reasons for farmers

that require the role of farmers to be bound by a sacred mandate that they must practice

through other groups.

4. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Results

Multiple linear regression analysis is used to find out the extent to which the

independent variable knows the dependent variable (Ghozali, 2007). The regression test

between the preparation of RDK RDKK and the Training and Visit Work System on Group

Dynamics can be seen in Table 4.

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Table 4. Multiple Linear Regression Test Results

Coefficientsa

Type

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

Sig.

Std. Error

Beta

(Constant)

34,698

3,727

9,310

,000

,310

,120

,365

2,575

,004

,186

,168

,157

2,108

,003

a. Dependent Variable: Y

Source : Primary Data Analysis

Based on Table 4, it can be concluded that the results of multiple linear regression

have the following equation:

Y = 34.698 + 0.310X1 + 0.186X2

Based on a constant value of 34.698, it states that if the variable score of RDK RDKK

and the training and visit work system is zero, then the dynamics of the farmer group is

34.698. For the regression coefficient of the RDK RDKK preparation variable (X 1) of 0.310

and the variable of the training work system and visit variable (X 2) of 0.186, the farmer

group dynamics variable (Y) will also increase. The RDKK RDK Preparation variable (X1)

has a sig value = 0.004, that means 0.004 < 0.05. So the Farmer Group Dynamics variable

(Y) is influenced by the RDKK RDKK preparation variable (X1). When viewed from the

unstandardized coefficients in the preparation of RDK RDKK with a value of B = 0.310 and

the regression coefficient marked positive, meaning that if the value of the preparation of

RDK RDKK increases by 1 unit, the dynamics of the farmer group (Y) will decrease by

0.310 assuming that variable X1 is fixed.

For variabel Training and Visiting Work System (LAKU) (X2) has a sig value = 0.003

that means 0.003 < 0.05. Judging from the unstandardized coefficients in the training and

visit work system with a value of B = 0.186 and a regression coefficient marked positive,

this shows that if the value of the training and visit work system increases by 1 unit, the

variable (Y) will increase by 0.186 assuming that variable X2 is fixed.

Based on the description above, it shows that the breastfeeding of the DRC and the

DPRK and Training and Visitation Work System (LAKU) has significant value to the

dynamics of farmer groups. A role is a set of behaviors expected by others of a person to

assume his position in a social system. Roles are influenced by social conditions both from

the behavior expected of a person in a particular social situation. Roles become meaningful

when associated with other people, social or political communities (Saputra et al., 2022).

The role of agricultural extension workers is to help farmers form healthy farmer

groups and make good decisions by communicating and providing the communication they

need. The main role of agricultural extension workers is more seen as the transfer of

technology from researchers to farmers. Now the role of extension workers is more seen as

a process to help farmers make their own decisions by helping them develop insight into the

consequences of each choice (Latif et al., 2022).

Group dynamics is a process of group life which is a function of group strength

directed at the formation of group behavior and group members to achieve group goals

(Emanuel Moon et al., 2018) Group dynamics is material that aims to dynamic trainees,

through familiarity, getting to know each other between trainees, cooperation in achieving

a learning goal. Thus, the learning process becomes more conducive, full of joy,

togetherness, so that with such an atmosphere the material delivered can easily be absorbed

and adopted by training participants (Salahuddin et al., 2021)

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The distinctiveness of each individual becomes an attraction for other individuals who

are expected to appear by themselves after knowing and getting to know friends in their

group. The dynamic of the group can be derived from the call of experience revealed

between individuals, which causes a person to become open and sensitive to the causes of

human attitudes and behavior with all the twists and turns of his feelings and thoughts

(Abdullah et al., 2021).

5. The influence of agricultural extension worker development in assisting the

preparation of RDK RDKK and agricultural extension worker development in the

Training and Visit Work System (LAKU) on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups

Based on the results of the t test for the RDKK RDK preparation variables, tcal>table

numbers were obtained which were 2,575 > 1,662 with significant values of 0.004 > 0.05.

Therefore,

H 0

is rejected and H

is accepted. This means that DRC and RDKK have a positive

effect on Group Dynamics. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that with the

best possible preparation of RDK and RDKK, it can increase the decency in farmer groups

so that the dynamics of farmer groups can be established as well as possible.

For the results of t testing for the variables of the Exercise and Visit Work System, a

tcal>table value was obtained which was 2,108 > 1,662 with a significant value of 0.003 <

0.05. Therefore, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that there is a positive

influence between the Training Work System and Visits on Group Dynamics. Based on the

results above, it can be concluded that with the Training and Visit Work System regularly

and periodically, it can increase the decency in farmer groups so that the dynamics of farmer

groups can be established as well as possible.

The implementation of the Training and Visit work system is expected to motivate

agricultural extension workers in carrying out their functions as companions and guides for

farmers, as well as ensuring the continuity of extension worker development to farmers so

that the dynamics of farmer groups are as good as possible

To determine the influence (RDK and RDKK, Training and Visit Work System

together on Group Dynamics) can be seen in table 5.

Table 5. Coefficient of Determination

Model Summary

Type

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

.463a

,214

,184

3,92373

a. Predictors: (Constant), X2, X1

Based on the results of the analysis above, the R number of 0.463 shows that the

correlation between Group Dynamics and its 2 independent variables is strong. The

magnitude of the Adjusted R square (R2) or coefficient of determination (KD) is 0.184. This

figure shows the magnitude of the influence of DRC and DRC, and the Training and Visit

Work System, together on Group Dynamics is 18.4%. The remaining 81.6% was influenced

by other factors.

According to Dinar (2015) Farmers as the main actors of agricultural development,

need to have the responsibility to realize production and productivity targets, targets for

achieving self-sufficiency and sustainable self-sufficiency. The instruments used in

preparing the target planning are carried out through the preparation of the Group Denitive

Plan (RDK) and Group Needs Denitive Plan (RDKK) (Permentan, Number 82 of 2013).

Group Definitive Plan (RDK) is a farm work plan from a farmer group for a period of

1 year containing details of activities on resources and regional potential, productivity

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targets, organization and division of labor as well as mutual agreement in farm management.

The Group Needs Definitive Plan (RDKK) is a formulation tool to meet the needs of

production facilities and agricultural machinery, both based on credit/farm capital for

members of farmer groups who need banking capital or from farmer self-funding. The

preparation of Group Definitive Plan (RDK) and Group Needs Definitive Plan (RDKK) is

a strategic activity that must be carried out simultaneously and on time, so a movement is

needed to encourage farmer groups to prepare Group Definitive Plans (RDK) and Group

Needs Definitive Plans (RDKK) correctly or according to the needs of farmers. Given that

the ability of farmers to prepare Group Definitive Plans (RDK) and Group Needs Definitive

Plans (RDKK) is still limited, agricultural extension services need to accompany and guide

farmer groups (Agriculture, 2018)

Motivational and emotional aspects play an important role in the life of farmer groups.

The group will be formed if it is based on the similarity of motives between group members,

the same emotional will be a strong unifying force. In each group, there needs to be a

cohesive / unifying and joint identification between members so that the group can survive

for a long time and develop (Aziz et al., 2020).

CONCLUSION

The development of agricultural extension workers in assisting the preparation of RDK

RDKK has a real effect on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune Association.

This means that with guidance by agricultural extension workers in assisting the preparation of

RDK and RDKK as well as possible, it can increase the decency of farmer groups so that the

dynamics of farmer groups can be established as well as possible. Furthermore, the

development of agricultural extension workers in the training and visit work system also has a

real effect on the Dynamics of Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune Association. This means

that with the Training and Visit Work System carried out by agricultural extension officers

regularly and periodically, it can increase the decency between each member of the farmer

group so that the dynamics of the farmer group can be established as well as possible so that

the group is even more dynamic. The development of agricultural extension workers in

assisting the preparation of RDK RDKK with the development of agricultural extension

workers in the Training and Visit Work System has a real effect together on the Dynamics of

Farmer Groups in the Farmer Fortune Association.

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