661
THE EFFECT OF COMPOST COMBINATION ON GROWTH AND
YIELD OF THREE VARIETIES SHALLOT PLANTS (Allium
ascalonicum L).
Eviyati, Achmad Faqih, Faris Furqoning Firdaus, Fernanda Candra Kurniawan,
Niki Rizqy Anjabi, Aji Ahmad Purnomo
Faculty of Agriculture Swadaya Gunung University, Indonesia
Abstract
This experiment aims to determine the effect of the combination of compost on the growth and
yield of plants of three varieties of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L). The experiment was
carried out in Karangwangun Village, Babakan District, Cirebon Regency - West Java. The
research period will be carried out from January to May 2023. The location is located at an
altitude of 93 meters above sea level (asl), the soil type of Latosol and Regosol association,
including rain type C (moderately wet). The experimental method used is using an
experimental method with a Randomized Group Design (RAK) combination pattern, the
treatment consists of two factors that are repeated three times. The first factor is compost which
consists of three levels, namely compost 10 tons / ha, compost 15 tons / ha, and compost 20
tons / ha. While the second factor is varieties consisting of three levels, namely pancasona
varieties, violetta varieties, and bima varieties. The main observation data were processed using
linear model statistical tests, fingerprint analysis, and scott-knot group follow-up test analysis.
To determine the correlation between the treatment and the growth and yield components of
shallots, the correlation used is with the Product Moment correlation coefficient. The
experimental results showed: (1) The combination of compost treatment and onion plant
varieties had an effect on the weight of fresh bulbs per plot and the weight of dry tubers per
clump, but did not affect plant height, number of leaves, number of saplings per clump, root
volume, number of tubers per plant, diameter of tubers per plant, weight of fresh bulbs per
plant, and weight of dry tubers per plot, (2) The highest dry tuber weight per plot was produced
by a combination of compost treatment of 10 tons / ha and bima varieties of 3.85 kg / plot or
equivalent to 10.26 tons / ha and was not significantly different from other treatment
combinations, and (3) There was a significant correlation between plant height and the number
of leaves aged 35 HST and 45 HST with seed weights per plot with weak and medium
categories. However, there was no apparent correlation between plant height and leaf count
aged 25 HST with seed weight per plot with very weak category.
Keywords
: Fertilizer, compost, varieties, growth, yield, onion
INTRODUCTION
In Indonesia, shallot production is currently still concentrated in several provinces.
Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency, the six main shallot-producing provinces
in 2018 are Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, West Java, West Sumatra and
South Sulawesi. Production from each province reached more than 90 thousand tons and in
total the six provinces accounted for 93 percent of the total national production of shallots
which reached 1.503 million tons. National shallot production in 2018 grew by 2.26 percent
compared to the previous year (Ashari, 2006).
Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a horticultural commodity that has many benefits
and high economic value and has attractive market prospects. In the shallot farming
business, farmers are able to increase their income by 4 times compared to planting rice and
Injuruty: Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
Volume 2, Number 8, August 2023
e-ISSN: 2963-4113 and p-ISSN: 2963-3397
The Effect Of Compost Combination On Growth And Yield Of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
662
open cooperative relationships with various parties, both government, private and farmers
outside the region (Fajarika & Fahadha, 2020).
As one of the strategic horticultural commodities, shallots get special attention from
all parties because this commodity actually has important economic value. Shallots are a
national leading vegetable that has not had much varietal diversity, both local and national
varieties. This is because the majority of onion propagation uses bulbs so that there is no
segregation or diversity in the variety. From 1984 to 2017, the Shallot Plant Research
Institute (Balitsa) has released or registered 14 varieties of shallots suitable for planting in
lowlands and highlands (Handayani, 2021).
The increasing need for shallots along with the increase in population and purchasing
power. Although farmers' interest in shallots is quite strong, in the process of exploitation
there are still various obstacles, both technical and (Cahyono & Samadi, 2005). To meet
these needs, it must be balanced with the amount of production (Rifai & Wulandari,
2020).To increase onion production is to optimize the application of the right fertilizer, the
use of superior seeds, and the selection of the right variety.
According to Saputra, (2016) the low production of shallots is caused by the use of
poor quality seeds, poor planting media, and inadequate pest / disease control. Efforts to
increase the productivity of shallots cannot be separated from the role of fertilizer as a soil
fertilizer. This use needs to be increased because one of the factors that limit crop production
is nutrients (Wibowo, 2013). The application of organic fertilizers is very appropriate to be
used to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, increase the
effectiveness of soil microorganisms and be more friendly to the environment (Yeptho et
al., 2012).
With the addition of organic fertilizers, it is expected to overcome the condition of the
soil. According to Sopha et al., (2015), organic fertilizer is fertilizer made from green or
other organic materials that are deliberately added certain ingredients so that the decay
process occurs faster. Compost is very appropriate to meet these criteria. Compost is the
result of incomplete (partial) decomposition of organic materials which are then accelerated
by certain types of bacteria or microbes under certain conditions. Meanwhile, composting
is a process of organic matter that begins to undergo decomposition and is assisted by
bacteria as its energy source.
In addition to fertilizers, one of the technologies that plays a role in increasing
productivity is the use of superior varieties that are in accordance with agroecological
conditions, willingness, and the ability of farmers to develop varieties (Hidayat, 2018).
Many seeds used by farmers so far still use seeds from previous cultivation and are not
superior varieties and do not adjust to site specifics. Choosing the right variety for planting
in the lowlands is one way to increase onion crop production. Variety is one among many
determining factors in plant growth and yield. The cultivation of onion plants in the
lowlands is also still constrained by the availability of seedlings.
The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the effect of the combination of
compost doses on the growth and yield of three varieties of onion plants, (2) determine the
dose treatment of compost and good varieties on the yield of three varieties of onion plants,
and (3) determine the correlation between growth components and yields of three varieties
of onion plants (Allium ascalonicum L.).
METHOD RESEARCH
The research was carried out in Karangwangun Village, Babakan District, Cirebon
Regency, West Java, when the research was carried out from Jabuari to May 2023. The
research method used in this experiment is a field experiment (experimental), namely
The Effect Of Compost Combination On Growth And Yield Of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
663
Group Randomized Design (RAK) combination pattern. The treatment consists of compost
(PK) and onion varieties (V). This experiment consisted of 9 combinations of compost
treatments and onion varieties, each of which was repeated three times, so that there were
27 experimental plots. The experimental land area per plot is 1.5 m x 2 m. First factor:
Compost dose consists of 3 levels, namely: 10 tons / ha, 15 tons / ha, and 20 tons / ha.
Second factor: Shallot varieties consist of 3 levels, namely: Pancasona, Violetta, and Bima.
Observations include two, namely supporting observations and main observations.
Supporting observations were made on the growth power of seedlings, soil analysis before
the experiment, rainfall, pest and weed attacks, flowering age and harvest age. While the
main observations include: observation of plant height, number of leaves number of
saplings, root volume, number of tubers, tuber diameter, weight of fresh tubers per plant,
weight of fresh tubers per plot, weight of dry tubers per plant, and weight of dry tubers per
plot and correlation of the relationship between plant growth and yield components.
The experimental data on the main observation were processed using statistical tests
with a linear model proposed by Ali, (2001) as follows: Xij = + ri + tj + eij.
Table 1. Fingerprint List
Sources of Diversity
DB
JK
KT
F
hitung
F
0,05
Ulangan (r)
2
Yi…
2
/t-Y…
2
/rt
JK(r)/DB(r)
KT (r)/KTG
3,63
Perlakuan (t)
8
Yj..
2
/ r-Y…
2
/rt
JK(t)/DB(t)
KT (t)/KTG
2,59
Galat
16
JK(T)-JK(r)-JK(t)
JK(G)/DB(G)
-
-
Total (T)
26
Yij.
2
-Y…
2
/rt
-
-
-
Source : Kemas Ali Hanafiah (2001)
From the results of data processing or variety analysis, if there is a noticeable
difference from the treatment or the F-count value is greater than the F-table at a real level
of 5%, then the test is continued using the Scott-Knot Group Testt. Analysis of the
correlation between growth components and sesame yield was performed on Plant height
(cm) with the yield of dry tuber weight per plot. Number of leaves (strands) with the result
of dry tuber weight per plot. To determine the correlation between treatment and the growth
component and sesame yield, the correlation used is with the Product Moment correlation
coefficient proposed by Wijaya et al., (2000) as follows:
Table 2. Categories Correlation Coefficient [ r ]
No.
Nilai r
Katagori
1.
0,000 – 0,199
Korelasi sangat rendah
2.
0,200 – 0,399
Korelasi rendah
3.
0,400 – 0,599
Korelasi sedang
4.
0,600 – 0,799
Korelasi kuat
5.
0,800 – 1,000
Korelasi sangat kuat
Sumber : Vincent Gaspersz. 2015
RESULT AND DISCUSSIO
Plant Height (cm)
The results of variance analysis using Test F showed that the treatment tested had no
real effect on the average variable plant height of the three varieties at the age of 25 HST,
35 HST and 45 HST (Table 3).
The Effect Of Compost Combination On Growth And Yield Of Three Varieties Shallot Plants (Allium
ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/in
664
Table 3. The Effect of Compost Dose on Plant Height of Pancasona, Violetta, and Bima
Varieties at the Age of 25, 35, and 45 HST
No
Perlakuan
25 HST (cm)
35 HST (cm)
45 HST (cm)
1
A. PK.10 : Var. Pancasona
25.6
a
32.8
a
41.8
a
2
B. PK.10 : Var. Violetta
24.5
a
33.3
a
41.5
a
3
C. PK.10 : Var. Bima
26.2
a
34.5
a
44.5
a
4
D. PK.15 : Var. Pancasona
26.2
a
34.4
a
44.6
a
5
E. PK.15 : Var. Violetta
23.3
a
31.9
a
41.3
a
6
F. PK.15 : Var. Bima
25.9
a
34.4
a
43.1
a
7
G. PK.20 : Var. Pancasona
27.3
a
32.8
a
41.9
a
8
H. PK.20 : Var. Violetta
22.8
a
30.9
a
39.8
a
9
I. PK.20 : Var. Bima
24.9
a
33.0
a
42.9
a
Remarks : The average number followed by the same letter in the same column shows
no real difference based on the Scott-Knott Cluster Test at a real level of 5%.
In the observation of plant height (Table 3), based on the results of statistical tests that
the treatment of various compost applications did not have a significant effect on the height of
plants of three varieties at the age of 25, 35 and 45 HST. This is thought to be because the
absorption of compost cannot be utilized by plants so that the application of compost to various
varieties of shallots has not had a noticeable effect.
In table 3 it can be seen that compost treatment exerts no real influence on the average
plant height of three onion varieties in all observation periods. At the observation of 25 HST,
the highest plant height of 27.3 cm was obtained in the combination of treatment G (compost
20 tons / ha and pancasona varieties) but did not differ significantly from other treatment
combinations. At 35 HST observations, the highest plant height of 34.5 cm was obtained in the
C treatment combination (compost 10 tons / ha and bima varieties) but did not differ
significantly from other treatment combinations. At 45 HST observations, the highest plant
height of 44.6 cm was obtained in the combination of treatment D (compost 15 tons / ha and
pancasona varieties) but did not differ significantly from other treatment combinations.
This shows that compost is sufficient for the growth of onion plants. Different
applications of compost can not increase the height of onion plants. This is in accordance with
the opinion of Abdissa et al., (2011) and Abo‐Elyousr et al., (2014) that nutrients are available
in the soil according to the needs for plant growth, excessive nutrients are not utilized by plants
and can even inhibit plant growth.
Number of Leaves (fruit)
The results of variance analysis using Test F showed that the tested treatment had no real
effect on the average variable number of leaves of the three varieties at the age of 25 HST, 35
HST and 45 HST (Table 4).
Table 4. The Effect of Compost Dosage on the Number of Leaves of Pancasona,
Violetta, and Bima Varieties at the Age of 25, 35, and 45 HST
No
Treatment
25HST (sheet)
35 HST (sheet)
45 HST (sheet)
1
A. PK.10 : Var. Pancasona
18.97
a
30.23
a
41.90
a
2
B. PK.10 : Var. Violetta
18.93
a
28.33
a
34.40
a
3
C. PK.10 : Var. Bima
18.47
a
33.10
a
41.73
a
4
D. PK.15 : Var. Pancasona
17.10
a
32.37
a
42.30
a
5
E. PK.15 : Var. Violetta
19.50
a
29.20
a
38.07
a
6
F. PK.15 : Var. Bima
22.03
a
32.83
a
40.50
a
7
G. PK.20 : Var. Pancasona
18.83
a
31.87
a
38.70
a
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/inj/index
665
No
Treatment
25HST (sheet)
35 HST (sheet)
45 HST (sheet)
8
H. PK.20 : Var. Violetta
21.47
a
31.33
a
37.03
a
9
I. PK.20 : Var. Bima
19.73
a
32.87
a
42.73
a
Remarks : The average number followed by the same letter in the same column shows no real
difference based on the Scott-Knott Cluster Test at a real level of 5%.
In table 4 it can be seen that compost treatment exerts no real influence on the average
number of leaves of plants of three onion varieties in all observation periods. At the observation
of 25 HST, the average number of plant leaves of the highest 22.03 strands was obtained in the
combination of treatment F (compost 15 tons / ha and bima varieties) but did not differ
significantly from other treatment combinations. In the observation of 35 HST, the highest
average number of plant leaves of 33.10 strands was obtained in the combination of treatment
C (compost 10 tons / ha and bima varieties) but not significantly different from other treatment
combinations. In the observation of 45 HST, the highest average number of plant leaves of
42.73 strands was obtained in the combination of treatment I (compost 20 tons / ha and bima
varieties) but not significantly different from other treatment combinations.
It is suspected that in the results of soil analysis before the experiment, the C-organic
content in the research field is very low so that it can inhibit the growth of onion plants.
Compost which is organic matter is a mineral element needed by plants in large enough
quantities. Organic matter serves as a constituent of many components of plant cells, including
amino acids and nucleic acids (Hussain et al., 2017). Therefore, lack of organic matter greatly
inhibits plant growth. If the deficiency continues, most will show symptoms of chlorosis
(yellowing of leaves), especially on the lower old leaves of the plant (Ghiasy-Oskoee et al.,
2018) (Ghiasy-Oskoee et al., 2018) and (Havlin et al., 2016).
This is in accordance with the opinion of Aboukhadrah et al., (2017), the response of
plants to fertilization will increase if the application of fertilizer is in accordance with the time,
and the right way. The results of Kwaghe et al., (2017), showed that the addition of compost
up to a dose of 20 tons / ha did not affect the growth of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area
index and number of leaves per plant.
Root Volume (ml)
The results of variance analysis using Test F showed that the tested treatment had no real
effect on the average variable root volume of plants of the three varieties at the age of 25 HST,
35 HST and 45 HST (Table 5).
Tabel 5. Pengaruh Takaran Pupuk Kompos Terhadap Volume Akar Varietas
Pancasona, Violetta, dan Bima pada Umur 25, 35, dan 45 HST
No
Perlakuan
25 HST (ml)
35 HST (ml)
45 HST (ml)
1
A. PK.10 : Var. Pancasona
3.83
a
2.50
a
3.17
a
2
B. PK.10 : Var. Violetta
4.17
a
2.00
a
4.67
a
3
C. PK.10 : Var. Bima
4.17
a
2.50
a
3.67
a
4
D. PK.15 : Var. Pancasona
3.50
a
1.50
a
2.67
a
5
E. PK.15 : Var. Violetta
4.67
a
2.67
a
2.53
a
6
F. PK.15 : Var. Bima
3.50
a
3.33
a
3.67
a
7
G. PK.20 : Var. Pancasona
3.17
a
2.50
a
2.03
a
8
H. PK.20 : Var. Violetta
4.67
a
5.00
a
2.33
a
9
I. PK.20 : Var. Bima
3.67
a
2.67
a
2.17
a
Remarks : The average number followed by the same letter in the same column shows
no real difference based on the Scott-Knott Cluster Test at a real level of 5%.
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/inj/index
666
In table 5 it can be seen that the treatment of compost fertilizer exerts an intangible
influence on the average volume of the roots of plants of three onion varieties in all periods of
observation. In the observation of 25 HST, the average plant root volume of 4.67 ml was
obtained in the combination of treatment E (compost fertilizer 15 tons / ha and violetta
varieties) and combination treatment H (compost fertilizer 20 tons / ha and violetta varieties)
but did not differ significantly from other treatment combinations.
At the observation of 35 HST, the average plant root volume of 5.0 ml was obtained in
the combination of treatment H (compost 20 tons / ha and violetta varieties) but not
significantly different from other treatment combinations. In the observation of 45 HST, the
average plant root volume of 4.67 ml was obtained in the combination of treatment B (compost
10 tons / ha and violetta varieties) but did not differ significantly from other treatment
combinations.
This is thought to be because the provision of various doses of compost has not affected
the hunting of plants. This is also in accordance with the research of Palupi & Alfandi, (2019)
that experimental environmental conditions with even fertility levels caused root volumes that
did not differ markedly in all treatments and observation ages. The volume of roots in all
periods of observation is influenced by the genetic properties of the plant. In accordance with
the research of Lee et al., (2018) the amount of root volume per plant is not influenced by
compost. According to Lee, Son, et al., (2018) root volume per plant is an inherited genetic
trait.
Number of saplings (fruit)
The results of variance analysis using Test F showed that the tested treatment had no
noticeable effect on the average number of plant saplings of the three varieties at the age of 25
HST, 35 HST and 45 HST (Table 6).
Table 6. The Effect of Compost Dosage on the Number of Saplings of Pancasona,
Violetta, and Bima Varieties at the Age of 25, 35, and 45 HST
No
Perlakuan
25 HST (sheet)
35 HST (sheet)
45 HST (sheet)
1
A. PK.10 : Var. Pancasona
5.37
a
7.53
a
7.27
a
2
B. PK.10 : Var. Violetta
4.97
a
7.30
a
7.27
a
3
C. PK.10 : Var. Bima
6.03
a
8.00
a
7.97
a
4
D. PK.15 : Var. Pancasona
5.17
a
7.30
a
7.53
a
5
E. PK.15 : Var. Violetta
5.60
a
7.23
a
7.77
a
6
F. PK.15 : Var. Bima
6.33
a
9.07
a
9.20
a
7
G. PK.20 : Var. Pancasona
5.33
a
7.67
a
7.87
a
8
H. PK.20 : Var. Violetta
5.60
a
7.63
a
7.93
a
9
I. PK.20 : Var. Bima
5.67
a
8.73
a
8.77
a
Remarks : The average number followed by the same letter in the same column shows
no real difference based on the Scott-Knott Cluster Test at a real level of 5%.
In table 6 it can be seen that compost treatment has no real effect on the average number
of plant saplings of three onion varieties in all observation periods. At the observation of 25
HST, the average number of plant saplings of 6.33 pieces was obtained in the F treatment
combination (compost 15 tons / ha and bima varieties) but did not differ significantly from
other treatment combinations. In the observation of 35 HST, the average number of plant
saplings of 9.07 fruits was obtained in the F treatment combination (compost 15 tons / ha and
bima varieties) but did not differ significantly from other treatment combinations. At the
observation of 45 HST, the average number of plant saplings of 9.20 pieces was obtained in
the F treatment combination (compost 15 tons / ha and bima varieties) but did not differ
significantly from other treatment combinations.
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/inj/index
667
Compost exerts an intangible influence on the average number of plant saplings of three
varieties of onions in all periods of observation. Compost should be used for plant growth such
as the number of saplings, but this availability of nutrients is not utilized optimally by onion
plants so that the growth of the number of saplings does not have a real effect. This is because
the nutrients contained in the compost absorbed by the roots are not optimal for the growth of
the number of saplings Maboko & Du Plooy, (2018) and (Mafongoya & Jiri, 2016). This shows
that onion plants have not utilized the nutrients available in compost for their growth. As stated
by Lloyd et al., (2016) reporting the results of their research on clay soils in California that
compost does not have a noticeable effect on the number of onion saplings
This is in line with the opinion of Priyadharsini et al., (2012) compost has low macro and
micro nutrients, and cannot be directly absorbed by plants, so that plant nutrient needs are still
not met as a result of which plant growth becomes hampered.
Number of Tubers (fruit) and Diameter of Tubers (cm)
The results of variance analysis using Test F showed that the tested treatment had no
noticeable effect on the number of tubers per clump and the diameter of the tubers of the three
varieties (Table 7).
Table 7 Diameter of Pancasona, Violetta, and Bima Varieties
No
Treatment
Number of Tubers Per Clump
(Fruit)
Tuber diameter
(cm)
1
A. PK.10 : Var. Pancasona
7.57
a
2.37
a
2
B. PK.10 : Var. Violetta
7.93
a
3.78
a
3
C. PK.10 : Var. Bima
7.83
a
2.63
a
4
D. PK.15 : Var. Pancasona
8.50
a
2.68
a
5
E. PK.15 : Var. Violetta
9.03
a
2.63
a
6
F. PK.15 : Var. Bima
9.73
a
2.61
a
7
G. PK.20 : Var. Pancasona
8.47
a
2.93
a
8
H. PK.20 : Var. Violetta
8.47
a
2.65
a
9
I. PK.20 : Var. Bima
8.97
a
2.46
a
Remarks : The average number followed by the same letter in the same column shows
no real difference based on the Scott-Knott Cluster Test at a real level of 5%. In observing the
number of tubers per clump and the diameter of plant tubers (Table 7), based on statistical test
results showed that the treatment of various applications of compost did not have a significant
effect on the average number of tubers per clump and the diameter of plant tubers at three
variances.
In table 7 it can be seen that compost treatment has no real influence on the average
number of bulbs per clump and the diameter of the bulbs of the three onion varieties. In
observation, the highest average number of tubers per clump of 9.73 pieces was obtained in the
F treatment combination (compost 15 tons / ha and bima varieties) but did not differ
significantly from other treatment combinations. The average number of tubers per clump of
bima varieties based on the description is 7-12 pieces.
On observation, the highest plant tuber diameter of 3.78 cm was obtained in the
combination of treatment B (compost 10 tons / ha and violetta varieties) but did not differ
markedly from other treatment combinations. This is in line with the opinions of Mythili et
al., (2018) and Petrovic et al., (2019), stating that the use of compost on various varieties does
not increase the number of tubers and diameter of tubers but only encourages vegetative
growth. In addition, the number of tubers and the diameter of tubers in plants depends on the
growth period of plants, especially plant height and number of leaves (Harvendra et al., 2019).
In the formation of the number of tubers and the diameter of tubers in plants is greatly supported
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/inj/index
668
by the fulfillment of nutritional needs or nutrients obtained by plants from nutrients contained
in the fertilizer given (Sopha et al., 2015)
Weight of Fresh Tubers Per Clump (g) and Weight of Fresh Tubers per Plot (kg)
The results of variety analysis using Test F showed that the tested treatment did not have
a noticeable effect on the variable weight of fresh tubers per clump, but was significantly
different on the variable weight of fresh beans per plot (Table 8).
Table 8. The Effect of Compost Dosage on the Weight of Fresh Tubers Per Clump and
the Weight of Fresh Tubers per Plot of Pancasona, Violetta, and Bima Varieties
No
Treatment
Weight of Fresh Tubers Per
Clump (g)
Weight of Fresh Tubers
per Plot (kg)
1
A. PK.10 : Var. Pancasona
22.66
a
3.76
a
2
B. PK.10 : Var. Violetta
25.41
a
4.61
a
3
C. PK.10 : Var. Bima
26.27
a
5.88
b
4
D. PK.15 : Var. Pancasona
27.58
a
4.42
a
5
E. PK.15 : Var. Violetta
27.95
a
4.80
a
6
F. PK.15 : Var. Bima
29.19
a
4.71
a
7
G. PK.20 : Var. Pancasona
31.32
a
4.32
a
8
H. PK.20 : Var. Violetta
31.64
a
4.41
a
9
I. PK.20 : Var. Bima
30.87
a
4.57
a
Remarks : The average number followed by the same letter in the same column shows no real
difference based on the Scott-Knott Cluster Test at a real level of 5%.
In Table 8, it can be seen that the treatment of compost dose has an intangible effect on
the weight of fresh tubers per clump. In the observation of the weight of fresh tubers per clump,
the highest average weight of 79.11 grams was obtained in the combination of treatment H
(compost 20 tons / ha and violetta varieties) but did not differ significantly from other treatment
combinations. It is suspected that differences in the application of compost to various varieties
have not been able to affect the weight of fresh tubers per clump, so that the same weight is
produced, meaning that genetic factors of onion plants are more influential than environmental
factors. This is also in accordance with the research of Yeptho et al., (2012), that the weight
of fresh tubers per clump is not influenced by compost and variety. According to Bhai &
Thomas, (2010), that the weight of fresh tubers per clump is an inherited genetic trait.
The highest average weight of dry tubers per plot obtained in combination C treatment
(compost 20 tons / ha and bima variety) reached a fresh weight per plot of 14.70 kg in marked
contrast to other treatments. This is in accordance with the opinion of Van den Brink & Basuki,
(2011) who say that the application of compost combined with varieties shows a noticeable
difference in the weight of dry tubers per plot. This is also stated by Alizadeh et al., (2013)
stated that to form plant tissue nutrients are needed, with the presence of nutrients and being in
a balanced state will be able to increase plant weight. Nutrients derived from compost will
increase photosynthetic activity and leaf chlorophile content and increase leaf growth so as to
increase the fresh weight of plants. In addition, it will also affect the quality of tubers, namely
increasing tuber diversity and increasing tuber dry matter (Salisbury, 1996).
Dry Weight of Tubers Per Clump (g) and Dry Weight of Tubers per Plot (kg)
The results of variety analysis using Test F showed that the tested treatment did not have
a noticeable effect on the variable weight of dry tubers per clump, but was significantly
different on the variable weight of dry beans per plot (Table 9).
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/inj/index
669
Table 9. The Effect of Compost Dosage on the Weight of Dry Tubers per Clump of
Pancasona, Violetta, and Bima Varieties
No
Perlakuan
Bobot Umbi Kering
Per Rumpun (g)
Bobot Umbi Kering per
Petak (kg)
1
A. PK.10 : Var. Pancasona
22.66
a
2.28
a
2
B. PK.10 : Var. Violetta
25.41
a
3.05
a
3
C. PK.10 : Var. Bima
26.27
a
3.85
a
4
D. PK.15 : Var. Pancasona
27.58
b
2.69
a
5
E. PK.15 : Var. Violetta
27.95
b
3.19
a
6
F. PK.15 : Var. Bima
29.19
b
2.95
a
7
G. PK.20 : Var. Pancasona
29.99
b
2.19
a
8
H. PK.20 : Var. Violetta
31.38
b
2.71
a
9
I. PK.20 : Var. Bima
31.67
b
3.07
a
Remarks : The average number followed by the same letter in the same column shows
no real difference based on the Scott-Knott Cluster Test at a real level of 5%.
In Table 9, it can be seen that the treatment of compost dose has a real effect on the
weight of dry tubers per clump, but has no real effect on the observation of dry tuber weight
per plot. On observation of the weight of dried tubers per clump the highest average weight
of 42.21 grams was obtained in the combination of treatment C (compost 10 tons / ha and bima
varieties) but not significantly different from the combination of treatments B, E, F, H, and I,
but significantly different from other treatment combinations (treatment A, D, and G).
This shows that at certain levels compost will encourage growth, while at higher levels
it will inhibit growth, and poison plants Idhan et al., (2015) and (Khayat et al., 2015). As the
results of research in Xu et al., (2015), the application of organic fertilizers to a certain extent
can increase production and yield quality.
In the dosing treatment of compost on various cultivars did not have a significant effect
on the average weight of dry tubers per plot, where the combination of treatment C (compost
10 tons / ha and bima varieties) achieved the largest dry tuber weight per plot of 3.85 kg / plot
or equivalent to 10.26 tons / ha which was not significantly different from other treatments. It
is suspected that the nutrients contained in compost are not responded well by onion plants so
that it does not affect the increase in yield of onion plants.
This is in accordance with the results of previous research conducted by Simon et al.,
(2014) about the efficiency of fertilization in onion plants which showed that excessive doses
of compost did not provide benefits in terms of its effect on the yield of onion plants, there was
even a tendency to increase weight loss. (Rashmi et al., 2015), said that the use of organics has
no real effect on the weight of dry tubers per plot.
Correlation of Plant Height and Number of Leaves with Dry Tuber Weight per Plot.
Based on the calculation of the Pearson product moment correlation test (Table. 10)
shows that the correlation between plant height and dry tuber weight per plot there is no real
correlation at the age of 25 HST with very weak categories. Thus, the height of plants at the
observed age of 25 HST which is a growth component does not affect the yield of dry tuber
weight per plot because based on the calculation of the Coefficient of Determination (R Square)
of 0.020, it means that the yield of dry tuber weight per plot is influenced by plant height at
the age of 25 HST is only 2.0% (very weak category).
Meanwhile, at the observation of the age of 35 HST and 45 HST there was a real
correlation between plant height and the yield of dry tuber weights per plot with weak and
medium categories, because after testing the correlation t.count > t.table. Based on the
calculation of the coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.269 and 0.616, it means that the yield
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/inj/index
670
of dry tuber weight per plot is influenced by the height of plants aged 35 HST and 45 HST by
26.9%, and 61.6%.
Thus, it can be concluded that plant height at the age of 25 HST has no effect on the
yield of dry tuber weight per plot , while plant height at the age of 35 HST and 45 HST indicates
an increased effect on the yield of dry tuber weight per plot. According to the results of research
by Mojaddam & Noori, (2015) and (Pandey et al., 2015), growth components that affect the
yield of onion plants consist of, bulb diameter, bulb weight, and plant height before plant
flowering .
Table 10. Correlation Between Plant Height and Number of Leaves with Dry Tuber
Weight per Plot
No
Correlation
Coefficient
Plant Height
Number of leaves
25 HST
35
HST
45
HST
25 HST
35
HST
45 HST
1
R
0,142
0,519
0,379
0,018
0,523
0,389
2
Kategori r
Sangat
Lemah
Lemah
Sedang
Sangat
Lemah
Lemah
Sangat
lemah
3
r
2
0,020
0,269
0,616
0,012
0,274
0,151
4
Sig.
0,479
0,006
0,001
0,929
0,005
0,045
5
t-hitung
0,720
3,030
3,919
0,090
3,070
2,110
6
t-tabel
0.05(25)
2,060
2,060
2,060
2,060
2,060
2,060
7
Kesimpulan
TN
N
N
TN
N
N
Sumber : Data primer 2021
Description : TN = Unreal, and N = Real
Based on the calculation of the Pearson product moment correlation test (Table. 10)
shows that the correlation between the number of leaves and the weight of dry tubers per plot
there is no real correlation at the age of 25 HST with very weak categories. Thus, the height
of the plant at the observed age of 25 HST which is a growth component does not affect the
yield of dry tuber weight per plot because based on the calculation of the Coefficient of
Determination (R Square) of 0.012, it means that the yield of dry tuber weight per plot is
influenced by the number of plant leaves at the age of 25 HST is only 1.2% (very weak
category).
Meanwhile, at the age observation of 35 HST and 45 HST there was a real correlation
between the number of plant leaves and the yield of dry tuber weight per plot with weak and
very weak categories, because after testing the correlation t. count > t. table. Based on the
calculation of the coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.274 and 0.151, meaning that the yield
of dry tuber weight per plot is influenced by the number of leaves of plants aged 35 HST and
45 HST by 27.4%, and 15.1%. Thus, it can be concluded that the number of plant leaves at the
age of 25 HST has no effect on the yield of dry tuber weight per plot, while the number of
plant leaves at the age of 35 HST and 45 HST indicates an increase in the yield of dry tuber
weight per plot.
It is suspected that the number of leaves that are growth components does not affect the
yield of dry tuber weights per plot at the beginning of growth while the number of leaves
before flowering (reduced growth of vegetative components) affects the yield of dry tuber
weights per plot. This suggests that the number of leaves formed at the end of vegetative
growth or before flowering results in a high number of bulbs. The results of research by
Weraduwage et al., (2015), if the number of leaves formed is increasing and supported by the
availability of nutrients and getting enough sunlight on all leaves, then many leaves are able to
produce high tubers, then the results will increase. According to Hochberg, et al (2015), the
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/inj/index
671
number of red onion leaves formed will produce bulbs, and affect plant yield. The higher the
number of leaves, the more the yield of onion crop production will increase.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research and discussion, the following conclusions can be drawn
The combination of compost treatment and onion plant varieties had a significant effect on the
weight of fresh bulbs per plot and the weight of dry bulbs per clump, but did not have a
significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of saplings per clump, volume of
roots, number of tubers per plant, diameter of tubers per plant, weight of fresh tubers per plant,
and weight of dry tubers per plot. The highest weight of dry tubers per plot was produced by a
combination of treatment C (compost 10 tons / ha and bima varieties) of 3.85 kg / plot or
equivalent to 10.26 tons / ha and was not significantly different from other treatment
combinations. There was a significant correlation between plant height and leaf count aged 35
HST and 45 HST with seed weight per plot with weak and medium categories. However, there
was no apparent correlation between plant height and leaf count aged 25 HST with seed weight
per plot with very weak category.
REFERENCES
Abdissa, Y., Tekalign, T., & Pant, L. M. (2011). Growth, bulb yield and quality of onion
(Allium cepa L.) as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on vertisol I.
growth attributes, biomass production and bulb yield. African Journal of Agricultural
Research, 6(14), 3252–3258.
Abo‐Elyousr, K. A. M., Abdel‐Hafez, S. I. I., & Abdel‐Rahim, I. R. (2014). Isolation of
Trichoderma and evaluation of their antagonistic potential against Alternaria porri.
Journal of Phytopathology, 162(9), 567–574.
Aboukhadrah, S. H., El-Alsayed, A. W. A. H., Sobhy, L., & Abdelmasieh, W. (2017).
Response of onion yield and quality to different planting date, methods and density.
Egyptian Journal of Agronomy, 39(2), 203–219.
Ali, K. H. (2001). Rancangan Percobaan dan Teori Aplikasi. Palembang: USP.
Alizadeh, O., Farsinejad, K., Korani, S., & Azarpanah, A. (2013). A study on source-sink
relationship, photosynthetic ratio of different organs on yield and yield components in
bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Crop
Sciences (IJACS), 5(1), 69–79.
Ashari, S. (2006). Hortikultura: Aspek Budidaya. Universitas Indonesia.
Bhai, R. S., & Thomas, J. (2010). Compatibility of Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai.) with
fungicides, insecticides and fertilizers. Indian Phytopathol, 63(2), 145148.
Cahyono, B., & Samadi, B. (2005). Bawang Merah Intensifikasi Usaha Tani. Kanisius,
Yogyakarta.
Fajarika, D., & Fahadha, R. U. (2020). Analisis Usaha Tani Bawang Merah dalam Aspek
Teknis, Finansial dan Sosial Ekonomi di Kecamatan Kota Gajah, Lampung Tengah.
TEKNI KI NDUSTRI, 43.
Ghiasy-Oskoee, M., AghaAlikhani, M., Sefidkon, F., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A., & Ayyari, M.
(2018). Blessed thistle agronomic and phytochemical response to nitrogen and plant
density. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 566–573.
Handayani, S. A. (2021). Mengenal jenis bawang merah untuk medukung kontratani sebagai
pusat pembelajaran. Retrieved from Dinas Ketahanan Pangan, Tanaman Pangan dan
Hortikultura ….
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/inj/index
672
Harvendra, S., Vinay, S., & Jagpal, S. (2019). Effect of organic and inorganic nutrient sources
on productivity, profitability and soil fertility in onion (Allium cepa) under Entisol. Indian
Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 89(5), 851–855.
Havlin, J. L., Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. L., & Beaton, J. D. (2016). Soil fertility and fertilizers.
Pearson Education India.
Hidayat, Y. R. (2018). Analisis potensi usahatani bawang merah di lahan pesisir laut pantai
utara (Studi kasus di Kabupaten Indramayu). Paradigma Agribisnis, 1(1), 37–50.
Hussain, Z., Ilyas, M., Khan, I. A., Ullah, I., & Ullah, K. (2017). Plant spacing and mulching
effect on onion yield and weeds. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 23(1).
Idhan, A., Syam’un, E., Zakaria, B., & Riyadi, M. (2015). Potential selection of flowering and
tuber production in fourteen onion varieties (Allium ascalonicum L.) at lowland and
upland. International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology, 2(7),
63–67.
Khayat, M., Rahnama, A., Lorzadeh, S., & Lack, S. (2015). Growth analysis rapeseed (Brassica
napus) genotypes in different sowing date under warm and semiarid climate condition in
South West of Iran. J Bio Env Sci, 6(1), 387–394.
Kwaghe, E. K., Saddiq, A. M., Solomon, R. I., & Musa, S. A. (2017). Integrated nutrient
management on soil properties and nutrient uptake by red onion. Turkish Journal of
Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 5(5), 471–475.
Lee, J., Hwang, S., Min, B., Kim, H., Kim, J., Hong, K., Lee, S., Shim, S., & Boyhan, G. E.
(2018). Effect of compost and mixed oilseed cake application rates on soil chemical
properties, plant growth, and yield of organic bulb onions. Horticultural Science and
Technology, 36(5), 666–680.
Lee, J., Son, D., Hwang, S., Min, B., Kim, H., Lee, S., Kim, J., Shim, S., & Boyhan, G. E.
(2018). Effect of year, location, compost, and mixed oilseed cake on bulb and scale
characteristic, nutrients and organic compounds in bulb and leaf, and storage quality in
organic bulb onion. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(13), 1636–1651.
Lloyd, M., Kluepfel, D., & Gordon, T. (2016). Evaluation of four commercial composts on
strawberry plant productivity and soil characteristics in California. International Journal
of Fruit Science, 16(sup1), 84–107.
Maboko, M. M., & Du Plooy, C. P. (2018). Response of field-grown indeterminate tomato to
plant density and stem pruning on yield. International Journal of Vegetable Science,
24(6), 612–621.
Mafongoya, P. L., & Jiri, O. (2016). Nutrient dynamics in wetland organic vegetable
production systems in eastern Zambia. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 5(1), 78–85.
Mojaddam, M., & Noori, A. (2015). The effect of sowing date and plant density on growth
analysis parameters of cowpeas. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life
Sciences, 5(1), 224–230.
Mythili, J. B., Chethana, B. S., Rajeev, P. R., & Ganeshan, G. (2018). Chitinase gene construct
from Trichoderma harzianum proved effective against onion purple blotch caused by
Alternaria porri.
Palupi, T., & Alfandi, A. (2019). Pengaruh jarak tanam dan pemotongan umbi bibit terhadap
pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) varietas Bima
Brebes.
Pandey, R., Khetarpal, S., Jain, V., & Kushwaha, S. R. (2015). Phosphorus fertilization
improves growth analysis traits and reduces anthesis-to-silking interval leading to
increased grain yield in maize. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20, 385–390.
Petrovic, B., Kopta, T., & Pokluda, R. (2019). Effect of biofertilizers on yield and
morphological parameters of onion cultivars. Folia Horticulturae, 31(1), 51–59.
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants
(Allium ascalonicum L)
https://injurity.pusatpublikasi.id/index.php/inj/index
673
Priyadharsini, P., Pandey, R. R., & Muthukumar, T. (2012). Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark
septate fungal associations in shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) under conventional
agriculture. Acta Botanica Croatica, 71(1), 159–175.
Rashmi, I., Biswas, A. K., Parama, V. R. R., & Rao, A. S. (2015). Phosphorus sorption
characteristics of some representative soils of south India. SAARC Journal of Agriculture,
13(1), 14–26.
Rifai, M., & Wulandari, R. (2020). Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Merah Terhadap Pertumbuhan
Stump Tanjung (Mimusops elengi. L). Jurnal Warta Rimba, 8(1), 28–33.
Salisbury, F. B. (1996). Units, symbols, and terminology for plant physiology: a reference for
presentation of research results in the plant sciences. Oxford University Press, USA.
Saputra, P. E. (2016). Respons Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Akibat
Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati dan Pupuk Majemuk NPK dengan Berbagai Dosis.
Simon, T., Tora, M., Shumbulo, A., & Urkato, S. (2014). The effect of variety, nitrogen and
phousphorous fertilization on growth and bulb yield of onion (Allium Cepa L.) at Wolaita,
Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4(11), 89–97.
Sopha, G. A., Rosliani, R., Basuki, R. S., Liferdi, L., & Yufdy, M. P. (2015). Correlation of
plant nutrients uptake with shallot production in alluvial soils. Advances in Agriculture &
Botanics, 7(2), 127–137.
Van den Brink, L., & Basuki, R. S. (2011). Production of true seed shallots in Indonesia. I
International Symposium on Sustainable Vegetable Production in Southeast Asia 958,
115–120.
Weraduwage, S. M., Chen, J., Anozie, F. C., Morales, A., Weise, S. E., & Sharkey, T. D.
(2015). The relationship between leaf area growth and biomass accumulation in
Arabidopsis thaliana. Frontiers in Plant Science, 167.
Wibowo, S. (2013). Budidaya tanaman bawang: bawang merah, bawang putih, bawang
bombay. Kuala Lumpur: Synergy Media,[200-?].
Wijaya, R., Neumann, G. M., Condron, R., Hughes, A. B., & Polya, G. M. (2000). Defense
proteins from seed of Cassia fistula include a lipid transfer protein homologue and a
protease inhibitory plant defensin. Plant Science, 159(2), 243–255.
Xu, W., Luo, X. S., Pan, Y. P., Zhang, L., Tang, A. H., Shen, J. L., Zhang, Y., Li, K. H., Wu,
Q. H., & Yang, D. W. (2015). Quantifying atmospheric nitrogen deposition through a
nationwide monitoring network across China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
15(21), 12345–12360.
Yeptho, A. K., Singh, A. K., Kanaujia, S. P., & Singh, V. B. (2012). Quality production of
kharif onion (Allium cepa) in response to biofertilizers inoculated organic manures.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 82(3), 236–240.
Copyright holders:
Eviyati, Achmad Faqih, Faris Furqoning Firdaus, Fernanda Candra Kurniawan,
Niki Rizqy Anjabi, Aji Ahmad Purnomo (2023)
First publication right:
Injurity - Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
International
