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IMPLEMENTATION OF HIRARC METHOD ON ERECTION
GIRDER WORK OF SOUTH JAPEK II TOLL ROAD
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PACKAGE 3
Bayu Aninditya, Dwi Dinariana, Fitri Suryani
Universitas Persada Indonesia, Indonesia
Email: masbayoe@gmail.com
Abstract
The development of infrastructure is progressing rapidly, particularly for National Strategic
Projects, such as the construction of the Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road (Japek) South II Package 3,
which is currently in progress. This toll road project also includes the construction of several
interchanges that utilize girders in the process. The purpose of this study is to identify the
dominant risk and risk control in erection girder work in the Japek Selatan II Package 3 toll road
project. The project commenced during a challenging time when Indonesia was facing the adverse
effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, adding an additional obstacle to infrastructure work. Girder
Erection Work, in particular, has recorded various types of accidents over the past few years. In
response, the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing has issued Ministerial Regulation No.
10 of 2021, which provides guidelines for Construction Safety Management Systems (SMKK).
By employing the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method,
it is anticipated that construction practitioners can effectively manage risks and reduce workplace
accidents in this project. Additionally, the Probability Impact Matrix (PIM) will be utilized to
identify the most likely hazards and risks that could significantly impact the project's
implementation in the event of an accident. In this study, out of the 57 variables validated by
experts, the respondents identified 17 risks classified as high-risk and determined 8
main/dominant risks in the girder erection work of the Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road Japek South
II Package 3 Project. Subsequently, control measures and mitigations are planned for these 8 main
risks.
Keywords: Risk, HIRARC, SMKK, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), Erection
Girder
INTRODUCTION
Infrastructure plays an important role as one of the driving wheels in terms of
economic growth and nation development. The existence of adequate infrastructure is
needed in Indonesia. The impact is the importance of maintaining road infrastructure for
the safety and comfort of road users and transportation (Tanamal et al., 2023).
Work safety elements are very important in the implementation of construction
projects. The Construction Safety Management System (PUPR: 2021) is part of the
construction work implementation management system in the context of implementing
security, safety, health, and sustainability in each construction work (Fassa, 2021;
Jazayeri & Dadi, 2017). Construction Occupational Safety and Health (K3) is all activities
Injuruty: Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
Volume 2, Number 9, September 2023
e-ISSN: 2963-4113 and p-ISSN: 2963-3397
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825
to ensure and protect the safety and health of workers through efforts to prevent work
accidents and occupational diseases (BPSDM KemenPUPR: 2019). Work safety is very
important in the implementation of construction projects because of the Construction
Safety Management System (SMKK) (Yiu et al., 2019).
The implementation of SMKK in Indonesia is still inadequate (Pambudi &
Harjanto, 2020). This is shown by the large number of work accidents as explained by
Mr. Wahyu Hendrastomo on June 29, 2022 who stated that during 2017 to 2021 there
were many construction work accidents, both major and minor which were likely caused
by disorderly K3 (Hendrastomo et al., 2022). This results in the need for construction
safety risk management in project implementation.
With the enactment of a new regulation, namely PUPR Minister Regulation No. 10
of 2021, it has actually regulated the Construction Safety Management System Guidelines
(Gheisari & Esmaeili, 2019). But if you look at previous records from the Ministry of
Public Works and Public Housing, since the last 3 years, namely 2019 to 2021, there have
been more than 10 cases of construction accidents in road infrastructure projects resulting
in at least four workers dying and 11 other workers suffering injuries. Work accidents
were dominated by cases of girder collapse and crane collapse. Work accidents not only
cause casualties, but also cause economic losses that are not small. Many work accidents
are dominated by elevated road work as well as bridge work that uses girders and the like
(Purwayudhaningsari et al., 2023).
Erection Girder work is included in work that is on the critical path of toll road
construction projects, this work requires handling starting from the diversion of traffic
flow, the use of heavy equipment as support such as CRANE 180T for service lifting
equipment and CRANE 250T for main lifting equipment and Erection Box Girder Length
50 meters (Khalim et al., 2020). Moreover, the projects currently being carried out in the
conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, of course, there are other things that are very
important and also influential in activities in all aspects.
The purpose of this study is to identify the application of SMKK in Erection Girder
work in Japek Selatan II Package 3 Toll Road Project Identify the main risks to Erection
Girder work in Japek Selatan II Package 3 Toll Road Project. Planning control and control
of the main risks in the Erection Girder work at the Japek Selatan II Package 3 Toll Road
Project.
RESEARCH METHOD
Data Collection Techniques used in this study include literature studies, site
observations, interviews/questionnaires conducted to obtain data for this research analysis
consisting of experts in the field of road construction, K3 fields, academic experts, project
managers, project managers and project supervisors and documentation (Grau et al.,
2012).
During observation and interviews at the location, data related to project
implementation activities, the application of K3 in the field, and data on the possibilities
that occur, will be collected to determine research variables (Maturidi, 2014). Research
variables can be obtained from literature studies (scientific journals, books and other
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literature) in this study the determination of the number of questions has no limit. The
condition of the project to be studied will also affect variables, for example due to
pandemic conditions, so researchers are expected to make a list of questions in accordance
with the research objectives.
The next stage is continued with risk assessment with the aim of evaluating the
magnitude of the risk and the impact scenario that will be caused. This risk level analysis
is used by the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process in PMBOK® Guide 5th Edition
as a guideline.
Table 1 Index Scale
Qualitative Measures of Impact
Scale
Likelihood
Impact of time and cost on projects
Time
cost
VHI
>70%
> 1 week
> 250 million
HI
51%-70%
1 week
101 - 250 million
MED
21%-50%
< 7 days
51 - 100 million
LO
5%-20%
1 day
10 - 50 million
VLO
<5%
< 1 day
< 10 million
(Source: Processed by author)
From table 1 of the Index Scale, it can be seen that the index scale is divided into
five levels, namely VHI (Very High), HI (High), Med (Medium), LO (Low) and VLO
(Very Low). The next step is to calculate the importance of the risk using the following
formula:
Risk Score = Probability x Impact (1)
Description :
Risk Score = Risk importance
Probability = Assess the likelihood of risk occurring
Impact = Assess the impact of the risks that occur.
Once the scale of probability, impact and importance of risk is known, the next
step is to map the three values into a matrix.
PROBABILITY
0,9
0,045
0,09
0,18
0,36
0,72
0,7
0,035
0,07
0,14
0,28
0,56
0,5
0,025
0,05
0,1
0,2
0,4
0,3
0,015
0,03
0,06
0,12
0,24
0,1
0,005
0,01
0,02
0,04
0,08
0,05
0,1
0,2
0,4
0,8
IMPACT
Figure 1 Risk Assessment Matrix with Probability Impact Matrix
(Processed by author)
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Figure 1 shows the results of risk grouping using a matrix. From figure 1 it can be
known which risks are likely to occur large, cause significant impacts and require serious
treatment.
Risk assessment is an attempt to calculate the magnitude of a risk and determine
whether the risk is acceptable or not, Risk assessment is used to determine the level of
risk in terms of the likelihood of occurrence (likelihood) and severity (severity) that can
be caused (Ramli, 2010). Qualitative method according to AS/NZS 4360 standard,
likelihood is given a range between a risk that rarely occurs to a risk that can occur at any
time. For severity or severity is categorized between events that do not cause injury or
only minor losses that are most severe if they can cause fatal events (death) or major
damage to company assets (Mayer, 2015). Data Analysis of this qualitative research was
carried out using the Probability Impact Matrix (PIM) related to the SMKK project
sourced from PUPR Minister Regulation No. 10 of 2021
Figure 2 Flow of Research Stages
Source : (Processed by author)
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
From the results and expert answers regarding variables that affect the hazards
and risks to the safety of erection girder work construction in the Japek Selatan II Package
3 Toll Road Construction Project, 57 variables have been validated by experts, then a
follow-up questionnaire will be prepared which will be distributed to respondents. The
respondents to be addressed are people who influence work in the field, contractors,
technicians, and other workers (Wang et al., 2016).
From respondents who answered this questionnaire, 30 respondents were obtained
who filled out this questionnaire divided into filling criteria, namely: :
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1. Type of Work : Consultant / contractor : 18 people, Civil servant / ASN: 11 person,
Academician / lecturer : 1 person
Figure 3 Respondent’s Type of Work
2. Questionnaire answerers based on last education: Magister Degree: 9 people,
Bachelor Degree: 16 people, and High School: 1 person
Figure 4 Respondent’s Last Education
3. Questionnaire answerers based on length of work experience: >20 years: 4 people,
10-20 years: 10 people, 6-10 years: 7 people, 1-5 years: 9 people
Figure 5 Respondent’s Length of Work Experience
4. Erection girder work that has been done by respondents, among others:
a. Japek Selatan Package 3, Japek Elevated, Semarang Bawen Project Package 6,
Palembang LRT Project
b. ATP, Termanu, Paspro, Bocimi, Japeksel
c. Airport Railway Line
d. Bridges on Serpong - Cinere Toll Road &; Bridges on Cisumdawu Toll Section
5b &; 6a
e. Becakayu Toll Road Project Wiyoto Wiyono Connection
f. Underpass Project
g. Pump Station 3-2 Bandar Aceh
CIVIL
CERVANT
36%
CONSULTANT/
CONTRACTOR
59%
OTHERS
5%
ASN/PNS Kontraktor Lain-lain
S2; 9
S1; 16
HIGH SCHOOL
1,4
S2 S1 SMA/SMK
>20 years; 4
10-20 years; 10
6-10 years; 7
1--5 Years; 9
>20 Tahun 10-20 Tahun 6-10 Tahun 1-5 Tahun
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h. JLNT Antasari, Ulujami Toll Road, YIA Airport, JIS
1. Types of girders that have been worked on by respondents with experience working
on erection girders :
a. I-Girder : 70 %
b. Box Girder : 55 %
c. U-Girder : 25 %
d. T-Girder : 0%
e. Plate Girder : 10%
2. Girder Installation Method that has been done by respondents with experience
working on erection girders :
a. Crawler Crane : 81 %
b. Launcher Girder : 52,4 %
c. Lainnya : 9,5 %
3. Girder Length, a segment of Girder that has been worked on by respondents with
experience working on erection girders :
a. 45 meter
b. 25-120 meter
c. 12 segmen
d. 40 meter - 50 meter
e. +- 40 Meter dan SB Arch (Komposit Girder) Bentang Panjang 50 - 70 Meter
f. 40 meter
g. 50meter /8 segmen
h. 7 meter
4. Girder products that have been worked on by respondents with experience working
in erection girders :
a. WBP, Witon
b. WBP, Adhimix, Witon, Bukaka, Gunanusa, Waagner
c. Girder Indonesia
d. PT. Bakrie Metal Industries dan PT Waskita Beton Precast Tbk
e. Adhi precast
f. Waskita Precast
g. Wika
h. Witon
Of the 58 risk variables asked, the results were obtained which included low risk
as many as 4 variables, medium risk 37 variables and high risk 17 variables. The 17
variables that include high risk, the description is as follows: :
Table 2 Assessment of High Risk Level Variables using the Probability Impact
Matrix
VARIABEL
ACTIVITIES
IMPACT/HAZARD
RISK
X21
Lifting Frame Girder
Installation Work
Death
Crane rollover
X23
Lifting Frame Girder
Installation Work
Death
Worker Falls
from Height
X24
Lifting Frame Girder
Installation Work
Death
Hit by falling
girders
X26
Mobilization and
Loading Girder Work
Broken Girder, Damaged
Material
Dropped girder
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VARIABEL
ACTIVITIES
IMPACT/HAZARD
RISK
X27
Mobilization and
Loading Girder Work
Death
Sling breaks up
regarding
workers
X28
Mobilization and
Loading Girder Work
Death
Crane rollover
X40
Setting PCI Girder
Serious Injury, Death
Snapped precast
concrete
X41
Setting PCI Girder
Serious Injury, Death
Crushed by heavy
equipment
X44
Bracing PCI Girder
Death
Worker Falls
from Height
X46
Bracing PCI Girder
Broken Girder, Damaged
Material
Dropped girder
X47
Erection PCI Girder
Serious Injury, Death
Hit by falling
girders
X48
Erection PCI Girder
Serious Injury, Death
Worker Falls
from a Height
X50
Erection PCI Girder
Broken Girder, Damaged
Material
Dropped girder
X51
Erection PCI Girder
Serious Injury, Death
Rolling girder
hitting worker
X52
Erection PCI Girder
Serious Injury, Death
Crane rollover
X53
Erection PCI Girder
Broken crane
Crane rollover
X56
Pelepasan Sling
Serious Injury, Death
Worker Falls
from Height
After classifying risks that have a high level of risk, the main or dominant risk is
determined from the risk determination criteria according to PUPR Regulation no. 10 of
2021 and an assessment based on the Probability Impact Matrix (PIM) Ifeanyi, (2019),
Of the 17 variables above, it can be concluded for hazards and risks with a high risk value
determination, there are several similarities between several erection girder work
activities. The similarity of these risks to obtain the main risk obtained from the results
of measuring the determination of the level of risk which is included in the high risk
category, 8 risk variables are obtained, namely :
Table 3 Hazard and Major Risk Result Using Probability Impact Matrix
NO
IMPACT (HAZARD)
RISK
1
Death
Crane rollover
2
Death
Worker Falls from Height
3
Death
Hit by falling girders
4
Broken Girder, Damaged Material
Dropped girder
5
Death
Sling breaks up regarding workers
6
Serious Injury, Death
Snapped precast concrete
7
Serious Injury, Death
Crushed by heavy equipment
8
Broken crane
Crane rollover
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Table 4 Respon of Major Risk
1
(X21, X28, 52, X53)
HAZARD
Death
RISK
Crane Rollover
Eliminasi
Preparation of a flat, stable and sturdy footing for cranes, competent crane operators
Substitusi
Replacing cranes with appropriate capacities
Engineering Control
Check Shop drawing, calculation sheet material, erection tools and systems, Check the
carrying capacity of the crane runway soil (>8%), check the flatness of the crane runway,
check wind speed continuously, Work according to the Work methode statement SOP, install
warning signs2, SWA when there is a discrepancy, proper emergency evacuation route.
Administrasi Control
K2K recommendations, COE, JSA recommendations, Work Permits, Personnel health check
results before work,
APD
Helmet, Vest, Safety Shoes, Full Body Harness, Gloves
Avoidance
Prepared a large enough area as a safe area.
Transfer
Not done
2
(X23, X44, X48, X56)
HAZARD
Death
RISK
Worker Falls from Height
Eliminasi
Workers must be in good health. Before duty, workers are checked for health.
Substitusi
Not done
Engineering Control
Check working drawings, Check the calculation of the strength of the ascending ladder access,
check the calculation of the strength of the life line and its stand, Test the ability of the life
line,
Administrasi Control
Tagging access scafolding and stairs used, Work permit at height (Certified worker), ambush
warning,
APD
Helmet, Vest, Safety Shoes, Full Body Harness, Gloves
Avoidance
Not done
Transfer
Not done
3
(X24, X47)
HAZARD
Death
RISK
Crushed by falling girders
Eliminasi
Make sure the latches and slings are safe, not brittle, in good condition. Maximum lifting 80%
of lifting capacity
Substitusi
Not done
Engineering Control
Check the lay out of work in the field, Inspection of the girder mounting runway before
stressing and erection, calculation of bracing material when the girder is still in the stressing
bed, Initial lifting test
Administrasi Control
K2K recommendations, COE recommendations, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Work Permits,
Personnel health check results before work,
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APD
Helmet, Vest, Safety Shoes, Full Body Harness, Gloves
Avoidance
Prohibit people from being under girders when lifted (up to a certain distance)
Transfer
Not done
4
(X25, X50, X51)
HAZARD
Broken Girder,
Damaged Material
RISK
Dropped girder
Eliminasi
Make sure the latches and slings are safe, not brittle, in good condition.
Maximum lifting 80% of lifting capacity
Using a new sling for one project and should be replaced periodically
Substitusi
Not done
Engineering Control
Check working drawings, check jacking force document calculations according to girder
proposals, check stress equipment calibration, check sling certificates, rigging accessories
check test by PJK3, ambush in the field and warning and prohibition signs, Socialization to
road users, Initial test of lifting
Administrasi Control
K2K recommendations, COE recommendations, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Work Permits,
Personnel health check results before work,
APD
Helmet, Vest, Safety Shoes, Full Body Harness, Gloves
Avoidance
Not done
Transfer
Not done
5
X27
HAZARD
Death
RISK
Sling breaks up regarding workers
Eliminasi
Slings are always in good working order
Using a new sling for one project and should be replaced periodically
Substitusi
Not done
Engineering Control
Check working drawings, Check jacking force document calculations according to girder
proposals, check stressing equipment calibration, Check sling certificates, rigging accessories
check test by PJK3, ambush in the field and warning and prohibition signs, Socialization to
road users, Initial lifting test, Check the strength of rigging accessories according to
Permenkertrans 8 2020 concerning Lifting Equipment
Administrasi Control
K2K recommendations, COE recommendations, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Work Permits,
Personnel health check results before work,
APD
Helmet, Vest, Safety Shoes, Full Body Harness, Gloves
Avoidance
Not done
Transfer
Not done
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6
X40
HAZARD
Serious Injury,
Death
RISK
Terjepit beton precast
Eliminasi
Not done
Substitusi
Not done
Engineering Control
Check working drawings, check jacking force document calculations according to girder
proposals, check stress equipment calibration, check sling certificates, rigging accessories
check test by PJK3, ambush in the field and warning and prohibition signs, Socialization to
road users, Initial test of lifting
Administrasi Control
K2K recommendations, COE recommendations, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Work Permits,
Personnel health check results before work,
APD
Helmet, Vest, Safety Shoes, Full Body Harness, Gloves
Avoidance
Prohibit people from being under girders when lifted (up to a certain distance)
Transfer
Not done
7
X41
HAZARD
Serious Injury,
Death
RISK
Crushed by heavy equipment
Eliminasi
Not done
Substitusi
Not done
Engineering Control
Check Shop drawing, calculation sheet material, erection tools and systems, Check the
carrying capacity of the crane runway soil (>8%), check the flatness of the crane runway,
check wind speed continuously, Work according to the Work methode statement SOP, install
warning signs2, SWA when there is a discrepancy, proper emergency evacuation route.
Administrasi Control
Steressing work permit, erection work permit, work permit at height, welding work permit,
work area zoning according to safety plant, PIC On Duty In the field.
APD
Helmet, Vest, Safety Shoes, Full Body Harness, Gloves
Avoidance
Prohibit people from being under girders when lifted (up to a certain distance)
Transfer
Not done
8
X53
HAZARD
Broken Crane
RISK
Crane Rollover
Eliminasi
Preparation of a flat, stable and sturdy footing for cranes, competent crane operators
Substitusi
Not done
Engineering Control
Check Shop drawing, calculation sheet material, erection tools and systems, Check the
carrying capacity of the crane runway soil (>8%), check the flatness of the crane runway,
check wind speed continuously, Work according to the Work methode statement SOP, install
warning signs2, SWA when there is a discrepancy, proper emergency evacuation route.
Administrasi Control
Steressing work permit, erection work permit, work permit at height, welding work permit,
work area zoning according to plant safety, PIC On Duty In the field.
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APD
Helmet, Vest, Safety Shoes, Gloves
Avoidance
Not done
Transfer
Not done
CONCLUSION
From the research on the Japek Selatan II Package 3 Toll Road Construction
Project, it was concluded that several references were obtained 68 variables that affect
girder work which are divided into girder erection work activities. After verifying,
clarifying and validating experts to determine variables that affect and have risks to
erection girder work in the Japek Selatan II Package 3 Toll Road Construction Project,
58 variables were obtained which were used to distribute questionnaires to respondents
to determine the factors or high / dominant risk. The dominant Risk Factors that affect
the erection girder work in the Japek Selatan II Package 3 Toll Road Construction project
according to the results of the Probability Impact Matrix, 17 types of Hazard and Risk
activities that fall into the high Risk category are as follows (1). Divided into 3 main
Hazards, namely: Death, Severe Injuries and Damaged Materials. (2) Classified into 8
main risks, namely crane rollover, workers falling from a height, being hit by falling
girders, falling girders, broken slings hitting workers, pinched by precast concrete,
crushed by heavy equipment.
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Copyright holders:
Bayu Aninditya, Dwi Dinariana, Fitri Suryani (2023)
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Injurity - Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
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