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THE EFFECT OF DOSE HERBICIDE ACTIVE INGREDIENT
METSULFURON METHYL ON WEED CONTROL, GROWTH AND
YIELD OF RICE PLANTS (ORYZA SATIVA L.) INPARI 32
CULTIVAR
Lestari Handayani, Yuni Kurniasari, Alfian Abdurrahman Asysyafaat, Basyir Hambali,
Deden, and Dodi Budirokhman
Faculty of Agriculture Gunung Jati Swadaya University, Indonesia
Email: deden@ugj.ac.id
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L) is a food crop commodity that has a major role in the development of
agriculture and the main food of the Indonesian people. Rice is a rice-producing crop. Rice (Oryza
sativa L) is a food crop commodity that has a major role in the development of agriculture and
the main food of the Indonesian people. Rice yield loss due to weeds is estimated at 10 to 15%,
even up to 86% without control. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of herbicide
dosage levels and obtain the best dose of the active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on weed control
and rice crop yield (Oryza sativa L.). The experimental method used was an experimental method
using Group Randomized Design (RAK) consisting of 7 experimental units and repeated 4 times,
so that 28 experimental plots were obtained. The experimental treatment was A (Metsulfuron
methyl 15 g / ha, B (Metsulfuron methyl 20 g / ha), C (Metsulfuron methyl 25 g / ha), D
(Metsulfuron methyl 30 g / ha), E (Metsulfuron methyl 35 g / ha), F (manual control) and G
(control). The results showed that herbicides made from Metsulfuron methyl with doses of 15 g /
ha – 35 g / ha had an influence on the population growth of rice weed species such as Cyperus
iria, Fimbristylis miliacea and Leptochloa chinensis. Herbicide with active ingredient
Metsulfuron methyl does not have a toxic effect on rice plants. Metsulfuron methyl with a
treatment dose range from 15 g / ha – 35 g / ha has a significant effect on rice weed control when
compared to control treatment. The dose of Metsulfuron methyl is significantly different when
compared to all dose levels tested and is able to produce dry rice grain as much as 14.21 kg / plot
or equivalent to 11,3 tons / hectare.
Keywords
: rice, weed, metsulfuron methyl, herbicide
INTRODUCTION
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a food crop commodity that has a major role in the
development of agriculture and the main food of the Indonesian people. Rice is a rice-
producing crop. Rice is the staple food of all levels of society, both rich and poor, rice
nutrition and nutrition are relatively superior compared to other foods, the energy content
reaches 360 calories per 100g, rice is a good source of protein with a protein content of
6.8g per 100g (Sufardi et al., 2011). Based on the results of the BPS survey (2022), the
rice harvest pattern in Indonesia in 2022 is generally almost similar to the rice harvest
pattern in 2021. In line with conditions in 2021, the peak rice harvest in 2022 will occur
in March, while the lowest harvest area will occur in December. The total rice harvest
area in 2022 is 10.45 million hectares, with the highest harvest area in March at 1.76
million hectares and the lowest harvest area in December, which is around 0.36 million
Injuruty: Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
Volume 2, Number 10, October 2023
e-ISSN: 2963-4113 and p-ISSN: 2963-3397
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837
hectares. When compared to 2021, the 2022 rice harvest area increased by 40.87 thousand
hectares (0.39 percent) (Directorate of Food Crop Statistics, Horticulture, 2022). Efforts
to increase production are also directed to achieve food self-sufficiency in a sustainable
manner, but there are still a number of obstacles that need to be resolved. These obstacles
include cultivation techniques that are not optimal. According to (Zaini, 2008), One of
the causes of rice productivity in rice fields is the ineffective control of PPO (Plant Pest
Organisms), one of which is the presence of weeds.
Weeds are nuisance plants that can reduce rice production if not controlled
effectively (Simanjuntak et al., 2016). According to (Antralina, 2012) Weeds are one of
the limiting factors for rice crop production, because weeds can absorb nutrients and
water faster than staple crops. Weeds are one of the biotic factors that cause yield loss,
with weeds in an agricultural land (Sembodo, 2010). Yield loss due to weeds worldwide
is estimated at 10 to 15%, even yield loss can reach 86% without weed control. Yield loss
can be reduced by weed control (Zarwazi et al., 2016). Herbicides are chemicals used by
farmers to control and prevent weed growth that can be applied before planting rice and
after. Herbicides with the active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl are more often used to
suppress weed populations in rice fields. Single Metsulfuron methyl at doses of 12 to 16
g/ha was able to suppress per total weed plant up to 8 WAA (Alfredo et al., 2018)
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the dose level of the
herbicide active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on the growth of rice plants (Oryza sativa
L.) and to find out the dose of herbicide of the active ingredient Meitsulfuron methyl
which has the best influence on the growth and yield of rice plants.
RESEARCH METHOD
This experiment was carried out in Cempaka Village, Kedawung District, Cirebon
Regency, with an area height of ±5 meters above sea level. The experiment will be
carried out for 3 months, starting from June to August 2023. The materials used in this
experiment were Inpari 32 cultivar rice seeds, Urea, TSP, KCL, herbicides made from
Metsulfuron methyl, and other ingredients that supported this experiment. The tools used
in this experiment include digital scales, meters, sprayers, ovens, measuring cups,
labeled bamboo, cameras and other supporting devices. The experimental method used
was an experimental method using Randomized Group Design (RGD) consisting of 7
experimental units and repeated 4 times, so that 28 experimental plots were obtained.
The herbicide dosage treatment of the active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl tested is:
A: Active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl 15 g/ha
B: Active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl 20 g/ha
C: Active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl 25 g/ha
D: Active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl 30 g/ha
E: Active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl 35 g/ha
F: Manual control
G: Control (Without treatment)
The implementation of experiments in the field includes seedling preparation,
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tillage, planting, maintenance and harvesting activities. Herbicide application is carried
out at the age of 14 Days After Moving Planting (DAMP), manual weeding is carried
out 2 times according to the general treatment of farmers. Observation of weeds was
carried out 2 times, namely at 3 weeks after application (WAA) and 6 WAA. To
determine the effect of Metsulfuron methyl herbicide on rice plants, supporting
observations and main observations were made. Supporting observations include rainfall
data, soil analysis results and pest and disease attacks. Key observations include
phytotoxicity, plant height (cm), Weed population per plot, Number of tillers, Number
of panicles, Weed wet weight (g), Weed dry weight (g). Plant growth and yield data
were analyzed using the RGD linear model with factorial patterns (Wijaya, 2018). If
there is a significant difference from the treatment or the F-count value is greater than
the F-table at the level of 5%, then the test is continued using the Duncan Test.
Weed Observation
Sample data of weed biomass in each unit of treatment plot were observed as many
as two squared plots measuring 0.5 x 0.5 m. The location of the squared plot was
determined systematically. Weed observation before application is carried out by
sampling weeds for biomass data density and frequency data carried out before herbicide
application, aiming to analyze vegetation using the summed dominant ratio (SDR).
Observation of weeds after herbicide application is carried out by means of weed
sampling after herbicide application. Weed sampling for the biomass of each species
was carried out at 3 and 6 weeks after application (WAA). Examples of weeds taken are
target weeds that are the target of the herbicide tested. Fresh weed samples were taken,
then separated from each species. Then the weeds are dried in the oven at 80ºC for 48
hours or until they reach a constant dry weight, then weighed.
Phytotoxicity
The degree of poisoning is visually assessed against the plant population in the
yam plot. Phytotoxicity was observed at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the application of the
herbicide. Poisoning score is 0 (no poisoning 0 – 5% leaf shape or leaf color and
abnormal plant growth), 1, (mild poisoning, > 5 – 20% leaf shape or leaf color and
abnormal plant growth), 2 (moderate poisoning, > 20 – 50% leaf shape or leaf color and
abnormal plant growth), 3 (severe poisoning, > 50 – 75% leaf shape or leaf color and
abnormal plant growth), 4 (very severe poisoning, > 75% leaf shape or leaf color and
abnormal plant growth until the plant dies).
Plant Height
Plant height was measured from above ground level to the highest leaves with 10
plants randomly taken, observations were made at the age of 3 and 6 WAA.
Number of saplings
The number of saplings is calculated all saplings that grow normally. Observations
were made on 10 randomly taken plant samples.
Rice yield
Observation of dry grain yields harvested in rice fields was carried out plots
measuring 1m x 1m.
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Efficacy Criteria
Efficacy criteria are standard conclusions from research results, while the efficacy
criteria parameters are as follows:
1. Weed biomass in herbicide treatment was relatively the same as manual weeding and
markedly milder than controls.
2. Can control weeds up to 6 weeks after application.
Phytotoxicity in light plants, growth in plants is good, and relative yield is the
same as manual weeding treatment.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The composition of weeds before application
Before the application of herbicides, the diversity of weed vegetation in rice plant
areas was observed, while the results of population diversity can be seen in Table 1 below:
Table 1. The effect of Dose Herbicide Active Ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on
Weed Vegetation Analysis Before Herbicide (%)
In Table 1. Showing the results of weed vegetation analysis at the test site before
being treated where the weeds that dominated the land were Cyperus iria with an SDR
value of 27.26%, Fimbristylis miliacea with an SDR of 20.18%, Leptochloa chinensis
with an SDR value of 14.03%, Monochoria vaginalis with an SDR of 11.04%, Ludwigia
octovalvis with an SDR of 10.76 %, Limnocharis flava with an SDR of 9.40% and
Echinochloa crus-galli 7.33%.
Dry Weight of Weeds After Application
Dry Weight of Cyperus iria Weed
The results of the dry weight analysis of Cyperus iria weeds can be seen in Table
2. Shows that the treatment of the active ingredient of the herbicide Metsulfuron methyl
has no noticeable effect on the dry weight yield of weeds in rice crops. observation age 3
and 6 WAA.
Name Spesies
SDR (%)
Cyperus iria
27,26
Fimbristylis miliacea
20,18
Leptochloa chinensis
14,03
Monochoria vaginalis
11,04
Ludwigia octovalvis
10,76
Limnocharis flava
9,40
Echinochloa crus-galli
7,33
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Table 2. The effect of Dose Herbicide Active Ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on
Average Dry Weight of Cyperus iria Weed (g)
Description: The average value followed by the same letter on the same factor and
column shows an unreal difference on the Duncan Test 5%.
Based on the data in the table above, it can be seen that all dose levels of treatment
of the active ingredient of the herbicide Metsulfuron methyl did not show significantly
different results when compared to the control Cyperus iria weeds growing on rice plants.
This indicates that the active ingredient of the herbicide Metsulfuron methyl has not been
able to suppress the growth of weeds, especially Cyperus iria until the age of rice enters
the generative period. This is according to the statement Edyson et al., (2022), explained
that the herbicide made from the active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl has a fairly good
effectiveness in controlling grass weeds, but this does not apply to the weeds of the puzzle
group.
Dry Weight of Fimbristylis miliacea Weed
The results of dry weight analysis of Fimbristylis miliacea weed in Table 3. showed
that all dose-level treatments of the herbicide active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl 15
g/ha to 25g/ha in observations 3 and 6 WAA showed a marked difference when compared
to controls.
Table 3. The effect of Dose Herbicide Active Ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on
Average Dry Weight of Fimbristylis miliacea Weed (g)
No.
Dose
(g/ha)
Observation
3 WAA
6 WAA
A.
15
0,92 a
0,35 a
B.
20
0,69 a
0,19 a
C.
25
1,04 a
0,34 a
D.
30
0,19 a
0,40 a
E.
35
0,53 a
0,61 a
F.
-
1,93 b
1,87 b
G.
-
0,86 a
2,47 c
Description: The average value followed by the same letter on the same factor and
column shows an unreal difference on the Duncan Test 5%.
Treatment of Metsulfuron methyl herbicide at all concentration levels tested had a
significant effect in controlling the type of Fimbristylis miliacea weed or can be
concluded to be able to suppress the growth of Fimbristylis miliacea weeds, according
No.
Treatment
Dose
(g/ha)
Observation
3 WAA
6 WAA
A.
Metsulfuron methyl
15
0,31 a
0,76 a
B.
Metsulfuron methyl
20
0,10 a
0,60 a
C.
Metsulfuron methyl
25
0,69 a
0,22 a
D.
Metsulfuron methyl
30
0,10 a
0,24 a
E.
Metsulfuron methyl
35
0,75 a
0,79 a
F.
Manual control
-
0,89 a
0,71 a
G.
Control (Without treatment)
-
1,19 a
0,84 a
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to (Umiyati, Sumekar, 2017) showed that application treatment of various doses of the
herbicide Metsulfuron methyl had no statistical effect on the dry weight of the weed
Fimbristylis miliacea.
Dry Weight of Leptochloa chinensis Weed
Analysis of dry weight data of Leptochloa chinensis weed is shown in Table 3.
showed that at 3 WAA and 6 WAA observations, dose-level treatment of Metsulfuron
methyl herbicide had no significant effect on dry weight of Leptochloa chinensis
pupulation at 3 WAA observations, but had a significant effect on 6 WAA age
observations when compared to control treatment (Table 4).
Table 4. The effect of Dose Herbicide Active Ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on
average Dry Weight of Leptochloa chinensis Weed (g)
Description: The average value followed by the same letter on the same factor and
column shows an unreal difference on the Duncan Test 5%.
Based on the results in table 4, it can be said that the herbicide Metsulfuron methyl
is able to control the grass weed Leptochloa chinensis up to plant age 6 WAA. These
results are in line with the opinion of Dwi et al., 2019, which states that the herbicide
Metsulfuron methyl has proven effective in controlling Leptochloa chinensis weeds.
Total Weed Dry Weight
The results showed that the dose level of the herbicide active ingredient
Metsulfuron methyl had a significant effect on total weed dry weight in observations of 3
and 6 WAA in rice fields when compared to manual weeding and control treatment (Table
5).
Table 5. The effect of Dose Herbicide Active Ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on
Average Total Weed Dry Weight on Rice Plant (g)
No.
Treatment
Dose
(g/ha)
Observation
3 WAA
6 WAA
A.
Metsulfuron methyl
15
0,69 a
1,08 a
B.
Metsulfuron methyl
20
1,21 a
1,05 a
C.
Metsulfuron methyl
25
0,95 a
1,31 a
D.
Metsulfuron methyl
30
0,83 a
0,65 a
E.
Metsulfuron methyl
35
0,72 a
1,03 a
F.
Manual control
-
1,46 b
1,78 b
G.
Control (Without treatment)
-
2,11 c
2,45 c
No.
Treatment
Dose
(g/ha)
Observation
3 WAA
6 WAA
A.
Metsulfuron methyl
15
0,51 a
0,58 a
B.
Metsulfuron methyl
20
1,51 a
0,89 a
C.
Metsulfuron methyl
25
0,97 a
0,58 a
D.
Metsulfuron methyl
30
0,86 a
0,09 a
E.
Metsulfuron methyl
35
0,68 a
0,75 a
F.
Manual control
-
0,91 a
0,90 a
G.
Control (Without treatment)
-
1,48 a
1,54 b
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Description: The average value followed by the same letter on the same factor and
column shows an unreal difference on the Duncan Test 5%.
Table 5, which shows that all dose treatment levels of Metsulfuron methyl herbicide
between doses of 15 g/ha to 35 g/ha were able to control weeds up to 6 WAA age. It can
be said that the total dry weight yield of weeds is affected by the given herbicide
treatment. Based on the type of weed controlled, a single Metsulfuron methyl herbicide
showed control activity against weeds (Purba and Priwiratama, 2020), So that weeds on
rice fields can be controlled properly.
Phytotoxicity of Rice Plants
Based on the test results, it is known that the use of herbicides with active
ingredients Metsulfuron methyl between doses of 15 g / ha - 35 g / ha does not cause
symptoms of poisoning in rice plants at the observation of 1-3 WAA (Table 6).
Table 6. The Effect of Dose Herbicide Active Ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on
Phytotoxicity on rice plant (%)
Description: The average value followed by the same letter on the same factor and
column shows an unreal difference on the Duncan Test 5%.
Herbicide Metsulfuron methyl is a systemic herbicide and is selective, this
herbicide only controls weeds by suppressing the growth of weeds around rice plants
and does not have a poisoning effect, so that rice plants are not poisoned by herbicides
made from Metsulfuron methyl according to Rahayu (1992) in (Alfredo et al., 2018)
states that the herbicide Metsulfuron methyl does not affect the growth of rice plants so
it is likely that Metsulfuron methyl also does not affect plant growth .
Growth and Yield Components
Plant Height (cm)
Table 7, shows the average height of rice plants at the age of 3 and 6 WAA that the
dose treatment of Metsulfuron methyl herbicide has a significant effect on rice plant
height.
No.
Treatment
Dosis
(g/ha)
Observation
1 WAA
2 WAA
3 WAA
A.
Metsulfuron methyl
15
0,00 a
0,00 a
0,00 a
B.
Metsulfuron methyl
20
0,00 a
0,00 a
0,00 a
C.
Metsulfuron methyl
25
0,00 a
0,00 a
0,00 a
D.
Metsulfuron methyl
30
0,00 a
0,00 a
0,00 a
E.
Metsulfuron methyl
35
0,00 a
0,00 a
0,00 a
F.
Manual control
-
0,00 a
0,00 a
0,00 a
G.
Control (Without treatment)
-
0,00 a
0,00 a
0,00 a
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Table 7. The Effect of Dose Herbicide Active Ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on Average
Rice Plant Height (cm)
No.
Treatment
Dose
(g/ha)
Observation
3 WAA
6 WAA
A.
Metsulfuron methyl
15
24,70 a
30,06 b
B.
Metsulfuron methyl
20
23,34 a
29,96 b
C.
Metsulfuron methyl
25
24,64 a
30,14 b
D.
Metsulfuron methyl
30
23,92 a
24,74 a
E.
Metsulfuron methyl
35
24,14 a
29,78 b
F.
Manual control
-
32,43 b
33,58 c
G.
Control (Without treatment)
-
31,23 b
33,21 c
Description: The average value followed by the same letter on the same factor and
column shows an unreal difference on the Duncan Test 5%.
All dosage levels, as shown in Table above, generally showed significant
differences in results when compared to manual weeding and control treatments up to 6
WAA of age. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the active ingredient
Metsulfuron methyl affects the growth of rice plants. Herbicides can suppress the growth
rate of weeds so that rice plants are able to compete with weeds in utilizing growth
facilities such as nutrients, water, light and growing facilities to support the growth of
rice saplings increasing (Deden and Umiyati, 2020).
Number of saplings per clump (tillers)
Based on observations, it can be seen that herbicide treatment does not have a
noticeable effect on the number of saplings of rice plants (Table 8).
Table 8. The Effect of Dose Herbicide Active Ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on the
Average Number of Rice Clump Saplings (saplings).
No.
Treatment
Dose (g/ha)
Observation
3 WAA
6 WAA
A.
Metsulfuron methyl
15
15,60 a
25,30 b
B.
Metsulfuron methyl
20
15,70 a
25,10 b
C.
Metsulfuron methyl
25
15,50 a
24,63 a
D.
Metsulfuron methyl
30
16,05 a
25,13 b
E.
Metsulfuron methyl
35
15,18 a
24,45 a
F.
Manual control
-
14,58 a
24,18 a
G.
Control (Without treatment)
-
15,75 a
24,48 a
Description: The average value followed by the same letter on the same factor and
column shows an unreal difference on the Duncan Test 5%.
Table 8, shows that it does not cause interference with the growing process of the
number of rice plant saplings. The uniformity in the number of saplings is thought not
to be influenced by the active herbicide of the active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl
whose function is more to control weeds, but the number of saplings is more influenced
by the genetics of rice plants (Muhammad et al., 2022).
Dry Rice Milled Grain
Herbicide treatment of the active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl at a dose of 15 g /
ha - 35 g / ha based on statistical analysis has a significant effect on the dry weight yield
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of rice mills (Table 9).
Table 9. The Effect of Dose Herbicide Active Ingredient Metsulfuron methyl on Average
Yield of Dry Rice Milled Grain (Kg)
No.
Treatment
Dose (g/ha)
Yield per Plot (Kg)
A.
Metsulfuron methyl
15
13,87 b
B.
Metsulfuron methyl
20
14,15 c
C.
Metsulfuron methyl
25
13,34 bc
D.
Metsulfuron methyl
30
14,04 c
E.
Metsulfuron methyl
35
14,21 c
F.
Manual control
-
12,98 b
G.
Control (Without treatment)
-
10,20 a
Description: The average value followed by the same letter on the same factor and
column shows an unreal difference on the Duncan Test 5%.
Herbicide treatment with active ingredients Metsulfuron methyl with a dose range
between 15 g / ha to 35 g / ha has a significant effect on the yield of dry grain of rice
plants when compared to manual weeding and control treatments. This result is because
the control treatment has a high weed density that puts pressure on the growth of rice
plants due to competition, ultimately disrupting causing low yields of dry milled grain.
When viewed from the concentration level treatment given, it can be seen that the
concentration of Metsulfuron methyl 35 g / ha is significantly different from the treatment
at other concentration levels. The concentration of Metsulfuron methyl 35 g / ha is able to
produce dry rice grain as much as 14.21 kg / plot or equivalent to 14,21 tons / hectare.
These results are thought to be due to the application of the active ingredient herbicide
Metsulfuron methyl which can suppress weed growth so that competition with rice plants
becomes low and does not interfere with plant growth so that the availability of nutrients
around it can increase the assimilation process (formation of carbohydrates) for maximum
grain formation. According to Marpaung et al, (2013) that losses caused by weeds have
a relationship between the time of emergence of weeds and the pressure exerted by plants.
Yield losses are usually higher when weeds appear early in growth.
CONCLUSION
Herbicides made from Metsulfuron methyl have a significant effect on weed growth in rice
plants when compared to controls. Herbicides with active ingredients Metsulfuron methyl with a
dose range between 15 g / ha to 35 g / ha affect the total dry weight of weeds and weed poulation
growth in rice plants such as Cyperus iria, Fimbristylis miliacea and Leptochloa chinensis.
Herbicides with the active ingredient Metsulfuron methyl do not cause poisoning of the main rice
crop. Herbicides made from Metsulfuron methyl do not have a toxic effect on rice plants of the
Inpari 32 Cultivar. The dose of Metsulfuron methyl 35 g / ha is able to produce dry rice grain as
much as 14.21 kg / plot or equivalent to 11,3 tons / hectare.
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Copyright holders:
Lestari Handayani, Yuni Kurniasari, Alfian Abdurrahman Asysyafaat, Basyir Hambali,
Deden, and Dodi Budirokhman (2023) First publication right:
Injurity - Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
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