needs of society as a whole. Society, in turn, is formed by diverse individuals who contribute
in giving color and meaning to life as a whole (Saroni, 2012, p. 19)
The National Education System Law defines education as a deliberate and planned effort
to create a learning environment and learning process in which learners actively develop their
potential, including spiritual dimensions, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble
character, and skills needed for themselves, society, nation, and state. With this view, formal
and non-formal educational institutions have a very important role in producing human
resources who have entrepreneurial character and ability. In these institutions, the process of
educational production takes place, and the interaction between the various components of
education is organized in such a way as to produce the expected educational output (Ojat
Darojat dkk, 2013, pp. 24–25)
According to the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendiknas), entrepreneurship
education in Indonesia still does not receive adequate attention, both from educators and
society as a whole. Many educators have not given enough focus to the development of the
character and entrepreneurial attitude of students, both in vocational schools and in professional
education. Usually, their orientation is more on the preparation of learners as workers.
Therefore, it is necessary to find a solution to overcome this problem, namely how education
can play a role in transforming students into human resources (HR) who have strong
entrepreneurial character and behavior.(Agus Wibowo, 2011, p. 29)
Therefore, it is time to implement entrepreneurship education in the world of education,
especially to students, so that they can develop strong entrepreneurial character and behavior.
The hope is that these students will become strong human resources, both when they work in
the office as an independent workforce, and when they decide not to work in the office and
become individuals who are able to create jobs, at least for themselves. The process of adjusting
and improving the condition of pesantren, which in terms stated by Gus Dur is referred to as
dynamication, is admittedly not a simple task and requires a long time to complete.(Azhari,
2018)
Islamic boarding schools are one of the educational institutions that have provided
inspiration for various types of educational institutions in Indonesia. At first, some people may
only see Islamic boarding schools as conventional educational institutions that focus on
teaching to read the Quran and religious books. However, over time, this paradigm changed.
This change does not happen without reason, because for some Islamic boarding schools, it is
important to provide skills and expertise to students so that they are ready to face life outside
the Islamic boarding school when they have to navigate real life. In the context of pesantren, a
kiai is a very strong capital resource in all aspects of the pesantren. In fact, according to
Zamahsyari Dhafier, traditional Islamic boarding schools are very dependent on the power of
economic capital owned by kiai, such as land, rice fields, and other economic resources. Kiai,
in this case, acts as the leader and administrator of the Islamic boarding school. In addition to
determining the vision, mission, and foundation of the Islamic boarding school, kiai also often
make decisions and carry out their own initiatives without relying too much on professional
managers
In the pesantren management phase, the role of kiai began to decrease in managerial
terms. At this stage, the kiai delegates the authority to manage the Islamic boarding school to
the students, administrators, and other staff. This not only reduces the role of kiai in
administrative aspects, but also plays a role in providing life skills education to students, which
ultimately builds their independent character. Furthermore, Islamic boarding schools adopt a
more professional approach in their management. The leadership role of the kiai at this stage
is minimal. The management of the Islamic boarding school is handed over to all elements that
support the leadership of the kiai. Most of them have been highly trained in management, in
fact they are also trained with the necessary specific skills.