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ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF GREEN BUILDINGS IN
INPATIENT BUILDINGS USING EDGE BUILDING RATING
(Case Study: Graha Amarilis of Karsa Husada Batu Academic Hospital)
Angga Perdana, Agung Sedayu, Nur Kharismawardani, Krisna Adi Permana
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Indonesia
Email: angg[email protected]-malang.ac.id, agung_resta@yahoo.co.id, [email protected]m,
permana81k[email protected]
Abstract
The Graha Amarilis inpatient building has high Energy, Water, and material consumption because it operates 24
hours daily. The building’s performance must be evaluated based on green building standards to ensure the
sustainability of the building and the environment surrounding it. This study aims to determine the performance
of green buildings and optimize the Graha Amarilis inpatient building. A combined strategy of case studies with
simulations is used as research methodology. Field surveys and measurements were carried out on research cases
and digitally modeled using Autodesk REVIT. Then, building performance analysis calculations are carried out
using the EDGE Building application simulation method, which presents data on green rating of Energy, Water,
and Material saving in buildings. The results of this study were obtained on energy and water items that had not
reached green building rating in EDGE Building by 20%. So, optimizing energy items at points EEM 18, EEM
07, and EEM 33 and Water at points WEM 01, WEM 02, WEM 14, and WEM 15 is necessary. Finally, after
several simulations on that item, Energy saving consumption becomes 20.07 %, Water 34.69%, and Material
23.00%. With these adjustments, the Graha Amarilis inpatient Building can reach the green building standards
and become more sustainable and environmentally friendly.
Keywords: EDGE Building, Green Building Assessment, Inpatient Building, Sustainable Building
INTRODUCTION
In this modern era, human sensitivity to the importance of environmental sustainability
is a necessity for the sustainability of human civilization. Therefore, many innovations and
ideas are developing to improve the quality of environmental sustainability. The United
Nations (UN), through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program, has become a
pioneer in maintaining the sustainability of human civilization, which can be in harmony with
the natural environment and socio-cultural environment. Many sustainability parameters must
be met through SDGs to create a sustainable life. In the health sector, the implementation of
SDGs is realized in sustainable and green hospital concepts. The Green Hospital concept is
developing rapidly, so many hospitals are adopting it. Hospitals themselves have many
specialties and levels of service. Therefore, applying the green building concept to each type
and differentiation of hospital will also be different (Muir, Stucki, & Keller, 2018). Each level
of hospital service has a different level of complexity and activity, so different development
and implementation strategies are required. This also has an impact on the application of the
green hospital concept, which can be applied to certain hospitals. Teaching hospitals also have
different services and activities from general hospitals, where additional academic activities
are integrated into hospital services, requiring different spaces and facilities (Marshal et al.,
2021).
Under the latest decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Karsa
Husada Batu Hospital has met the criteria as a Type B hospital with a regional health service
scale. Type B hospitals have complex and massive types of services, making the hospital
operate with non-stop services. Type B hospitals have a relatively high service capacity,
namely 400-1000 beds. Type B general hospitals are under the provincial government. In this
Injuruty: Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
Volume 3, Number 2, February 2024
e-ISSN: 2963-4113 and p-ISSN: 2963-3397
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case, Karsa Husada Batu Hospital is under the East Java Provincial Government. In 2022,
besides being a type B regional general hospital, Karsa Husada Batu Hospital is the primary
academic hospital of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The development of Karsa Husada
Hospital as an educational hospital for UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang is supported by a
Memorandum of Agreement between the East Java Provincial Government (Number
120.23/235/NK/011.3/2021) and Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang
(Number 3318/Un.3/ HM.01/09/2021). That will transform Karsa Husada Batu into an
academic hospital where teaching and learning activities occur, especially for medical
professional study program students. The many types of services make the operational level in
the hospital very high. This will affect many things, including resource consumption to support
hospital operations (Azar, Farzianpour, Foroushani, Badpa, & Azmal, 2015).
The green hospital concept for academic hospitals still needs to be studied further
because two main functions are accommodated in one room and an integrated area of the
academic hospital (Arzemani, Sedghi, & Nasiripour, 2017). However, a hospital that applies
the green hospital concept and its infrastructure must also meet the criteria for a sustainable
green building (Mayangkusuma, 2017). Research on assessing the performance of green
buildings in hospital case studies has been conducted in various locations. Still, of course, each
location has its unique values and problems, so assessing the level of green building
performance in hospital objects will produce differences in each case study (Astuti, 2016).
Many previous research studies have discussed hospital green building assessments in general
(Sunarto, 2018). Still, few have studied specific objects such as the inpatient building, the
hospital's main building that operates 24 hours a day and seven days a week. This will indicate
a very high level of building operations and needs special attention because the burden on
hospital resources will be drained for inpatient building operations.
Many previous studies, such as those conducted by Amran & Muhtazaruddin, (2018),
only revealed assessments of green building performance without carrying out a building
optimization strategy so that the green level of the building can increase. In research conducted
by ADHIM, 2015; Aripin, Othman, & Nawawi, 2015; Azar et al., 2015; Dhillon & Kaur, 2015;
Khoirina, (2016) an assessment was carried out using the EDGE Building analysis method, one
of the mandatory applications of GBCI to assess the level of green rating in buildings. In this
application, we are asked to enter data related to buildings. We need an integrated method to
make measurements more accurate and effective (Tanner, 1997). Modeling using BIM-based
applications is also a solution to increase accuracy and effectiveness in calculating parameters
in EDGE buildings. This is also done by many researchers, such as (Pham, Shin, & Ahn, 2019).
For this reason, modeling was carried out using BIM, specifically Autodesk Revit
software, as a novelty in research that increases the accuracy and effectiveness of building
optimization (Perdana, 2023). This also aims to make optimizing it easier so that the strategy
can be tried and simulated using this software. For this reason, this research aims to determine
and assess buildings' green-level performance analyze and evaluate factors that reduce a
building's green rating. After assessing the existing building design, we also provide
simulation-based optimization strategy solutions. It is hoped that with this research, hospital
management can use this optimization strategy to increase its green rating and apply for green
building certification.
RESEARCH METHOD
Based on the research objective to assess and optimize green building performance in the
case study object, this research uses several methodologies or what is better known as a
combined strategy (Groat & Wang, 2013). This methodology combines several interrelated
methodologies. In the context of this research, it combines the case study method with
simulation. Case studies are the core methodology, so each analysis departs from existing case
Assessment and Optimization of Green Buildings in Inpatient Buildings Using EDGE Building Rating
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studies (Groat & Wang, 2013). Case studies are a research context that can reveal the unique
value of an object so that it will give rise to new findings in research. The existing case study
will be modeled using the BIM method to obtain accuracy. Using BIM Modeling,
comprehensive building information and optimization can be done in real-time. To model the
case study object in this research, triangulation was carried out using field surveys and
measurements, as well as checking the as-built building of the building. The modeling results
will be valid when the conditions in the model are similar to existing conditions. After the
model is valid, the next stage is carried out.
Further analysis will be conducted using the EDGE Building simulation method
(Cavalliere, Habert, Dell’Osso, & Hollberg, 2019). Building data from the model is input into
the EDGE Building assessment application to calculate the energy consumption and resources
required by the building. This method has also been used in several studies to assess the green
rating of hospital buildings Pamungkas, 2017; Pamungkas, Sucipto, Murtiono, & Farkhan,
2017; Putra, Wibowo, & Syafrudin, (2020). This shows that the EDGE Building can be used
as a valid instrument for conducting assessments of green building ratings DESANES &
CHRISTANDO, (2023). From the results of the green building assessment using EDGE
Building, the performance conditions of the existing green buildings of the study object will be
obtained. So, several variables that increased and decreased the green rating level were found.
After the assessment, optimization steps are taken on the variable factors that reduce the green
rating. The analysis using the EDGE Building application instrument is carried out
hierarchically to determine the influence coherently to identify what factors need to be
improved to achieve green building criteria.
Furthermore, in carrying out optimization, simulation analysis using BIM is needed to
determine whether these steps can be applied to building objects (Angga, 2023). The research
hypothesis is based on the results of research conducted by previous researchers. The factors
that reduce the level of green rating in buildings are the variables of the level of use of
renewable energy and conservation of water resources.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The research location is on Ahmad Yani Street Number.11-13, Ngaglik, Kec. Batu, Kota
Batu, Jawa Timur 65311. This type of hospital is a primary teaching hospital. In the master
plan of the Karsa Husada Batu, Graha Amarilis Regional Hospital is to become an integrated
inpatient building on the western land. The Graha Amarilis building is the main inpatient
building of the Karsa Husada Batu Academic Hospital. This building was built in 2021. The
Graha Amarilis building has 4 main floors consisting of the basement, the 1st floor, which
contains class II inpatient rooms and also a hemodialysis room area; the 2nd floor is a class II,
Class I inpatient and some master room, and the 3rd floor is a Master and VIP inpatient room.
The Graha Amarilis inpatient installation building has a capacity of 138 beds divided into 18
Class II, 4 Class I, 17 Mater Room, and 7 VIP classes. This building has a main orientation
facing south as the primary access to the building. This building was built with a rigid frame
structure with reinforced concrete construction. In the central area of the building, there is a
void that divides the building into two masses, which are directly connected by a corridor area
and a waiting room. This building has 79 bathrooms with clean hot and cold-water facilities.
This building is supplied by the primary electrical power source from the PLN grid power,
supported by several solar panels to supply electrical power to the area outside the building.
Apart from that, the building is also supported by a generator as a backup source of electrical
Energy in the case of a PLN power grid. The building has a 4607 m² total area, a shield roof
design over two wing masses connected to the core, and a concrete roof on several sides. The
building's vertical circulation system uses double elevators and is equipped with emergency
stairs. This building is connected to the ICU installation building, which is to the south of the
Assessment and Optimization of Green Buildings in Inpatient Buildings Using EDGE Building Rating
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building and is directly connected by a corridor to facilitate the mobilization of inpatients when
they need intensive care or are unconscious.
Figure 1. BIM Modelling Building Isometry – Existing of The Graha Amarilis Building
The case study building was modeled using BIM, specifically using Autodesk Revit.
Modeling is carried out in the stages of field survey, measurement, and using working drawings
(DED). Currently, no as-built drawings exist, so a survey is still needed to increase modeling
accuracy. After the building has been modeled according to the existing conditions of the
building, climatic conditions and building performance are also tested manually using
measurement techniques using building comfort measuring instruments such as thermometer
stations, Luxmeters, and decibel meters. This is used to collect data on the existing conditions
of the building, which will later be used as a triangulation of the validity of the building model.
The beginning of the study also includes an analysis of the building's comfort performance,
such as the building's daylight and noise level. Upon conducting an initial daylight factor
measurement test, several areas were identified as problematic, appearing in black (Figure 2).
We can learn from the figure that the Graha Amarilis inpatient building needs more daylight to
reduce artificial lighting, which can decrease the building's energy consumption (Acosta et al.,
2015).
Figure 2. Daylighting Factor Condition of The Graha Amarilis Existing building
The noise distribution in the building is analyzed on each floor, revealing distinct
patterns. The basement floor exhibits a concentration of noise in the central region. On the first
and second floors, noise spread more widely throughout the corridors and rooms. Notably, the
top floor displays a unique noise profile, with green dominating the central area and red only
present on the front side of the building, distinguishing it from the floors below. Notably, the
third floor shows a favorable noise level in the patient room area (Figure 3).
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Figure 3. Noice Level Condition of The Graha Amarilis Existing building
The Use of EDGE Building Apps as An Assessment Tool for The Calculation of Building
Efficiency Levels
To comply with modern standards for energy efficiency and sustainable building
development, measuring the level of green percentage in buildings is essential. The Karsa
Husada Hospital has been constructed with a green hospital concept. Therefore, it underscores
the importance of meeting the required green building standards. Based on the thermal and
noise conditions that have been analyzed previously, it can be seen that there is no need for
noise-related analysis for optimization with the EDGE building.
Figure 4. The existing BIM model of The Graha Amarilis Building
To commence the process of Edge Building Apps, the first step is to input all relevant
building profile data, including location, building dimensions, orientation, space requirements,
position based on ASHRAE Climate Zones, and climate conditions such as temperature,
humidity, rainfall, wind speed based on Climate Consultant. Once all the building data has been
entered, the system generates 0% Energy, 0% Water, and 0% Materials. This indicates the
seamless integration of the building profile with its surrounding environment, resulting in
optimal harmony.
Next, enter Energy, Water, and material calculations. Edge Building Apps offers 34
Energy calculation points, 17 Water points, and 11 material points. There are several factors
that can influence the percentage of each point. The following graph shows the initial
percentages before the inclusion of energy, water, and materials items.
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Figure 5 Base Case Graphic of Energy Building
Energy Efficiency Analysis in Building
In the context of Edge Buildings, the process of determining energy usage is referred to
as Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM). A thorough evaluation of the building's existing
conditions is instrumental in selecting the appropriate energy items for analysis (Figure 5). The
energy items that are utilized in this research have been carefully curated to ensure their
relevance and applicability (Tabel 1).
Table 1. Focus of analysis on energy items
ENERGY
WATER
MATERIAL
Window-To-Wall Ratio
-0.03%
0
Reflective Roof: Solar Reflectance Index
38
-0.36%
0
Reflective Exterior Walls: Solar
Reflectance Index 45
-0.36%
0
External Shading Devices: annual
Average Shading Factor (AASF) 0
0.36%
0
Efficiency of Glass: U-Value 3.83
-0.33%
0
-1.00%
Natural Ventilation
2.37%
0
-1.00%
Cooling System Efficiency: COP (W/W)
3.81
4.40%
0
-1.00%
Domestic Hot Water System: Solar, Heat
Pump, Boiler
-0.29%
0
-1.00%
Efficient Lighting for Internal Areas
except OT
0.84%
0
-1.00%
Submeters for Heating and/or Cooling
Systems
1.69%
0
-1.00%
Power Factor Corrections
3.39%
0
-1.00%
On-site Renewable Energy: 7.2% of
Annual Energy Use
10.35%
0
-1.00%
The table provided indicates the energy items that can contribute to the increase in the
percentage of green buildings. Specifically, EEM33, which pertains to on-site renewable
Energy used in buildings, has a significant impact at 7.2%, potentially increasing the
percentage up to 10.35%. However, it should be noted that this energy item also harms the
efficiency level of the Material, as evidenced by item EEM09. This pertains to the Efficiency
of Glass, which can be reduced by -1.00% when using a type of glass with a U-Value of 3.83.
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Figure 6 Improved Case Graphic of Energy Building
Through a step-by-step process of inputting energy items, it is possible to identify
opportunities for enhancing the energy-saving potential of a building. This process can also
reveal energy items that are consuming more building energy. After inputting 12 energy
requirements for a particular building, it was discovered that the total percentage of Energy
was 10.35%, Water was 0.00%, and Material was -1.00% (Figure 6). Based on these results, it
can be concluded that the energy items in this building are yet to achieve energy efficiency as
the percentage is still below 20%. Therefore, optimization is necessary to improve the
efficiency of this building.
Water Use Efficiency Analysis in Building
Water Efficiency Measurement (WEM) measures the percentage of water efficiency in
the EDGE Building application. The selection of water points is based on the DED drawing
and existing conditions in the building. The following results are based on the items used for
water analysis (Table 2).
Table 2. Focus of analysis on water items
ENERGY
WATER
MATERIAL
WEM01
Water-efficient
Showerheads:10L/min
10.20%
-0.77%
-1.00%
WEM02
Water-efficient Faucets for all
Bathrooms: 20L/min
-4.89%
-96.18%
-1.00%
WEM04
Efficient Water Closets for All
Bathrooms: 5L/High volume
flush and 2 L/Low volume
flush
-4.87%
-80.80%
-1.00%
WEM07
Water-efficient Urinals:
1L/flush
-4.87%
-78.06%
-1.00%
WEM08
Water-efficient Faucets for
Kitchen Sinks: 10L/min
-48.7%
-78.06%
-1.00%
WEM15
Waste Water Treatment and
Recycling System: 100%
Treated
-5.03%
-78.06%
-1.00%
WEM17
Smart Meters for Water
-5.03%
-78.06%
-1.00%
Upon careful examination of the water usage data, it is apparent that the building's water
consumption is suboptimal and results in a notable energy drain. The building employs seven
water items, registering a 0% or less water percentage. The most effective measure to reduce
water consumption is the implementation of Water-efficient Faucets for all bathrooms under
WEM02, which achieves a flow rate of 20L/min. This measure also yields a corresponding
reduction in energy use, with a percentage of -4.89%.
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According to this study, achieving a water percentage of 20% will require significant,
specialized optimization. The water analysis chart shows that building data shows that building
water consumption exceeds the limits (Figure 7). The improved case has a higher level than
the base case. Notably, the wash basin's water usage necessitates the most significant
improvements.
Figure 7. Improved Case Graphic of Water Percentage Building Measurement
Green Criteria on Material Efficiency
The following calculation is on material items in Edge Building, abbreviated as MEM
(Material Efficiency Measures). The selection of material items in this research is in
accordance with those used in buildings. The materials used are grouped based on items on the
Edge as follows:
Table 3. Focus of analysis on material items
ENERGY
WATER
MATERIAL
MEM01
Bottom Floor Construction
Type 1: Concrete Slab | In-situ
Reinforced Conventional Slab
-4.25%
-73.48%
2.00%
MEM02
Intermediate Floor Construction
Type 1: Concrete Slab | In-situ
Reinforced Conventional Slab
-4.25%
-73.18%
30.00%
MEM03
Floor Finish
Type 1: Vinyl Sheet
Type 2: Ceramic Tiles
-4.25%
-73.18%
25.00%
MEM04
Roof Construction
Type 1: Tiled Roof | Clay Tiles on Steel
Rafters
Type 2: Concrete Slab|In-situ
Reinforced Conventional Slab
-7.16%
-73.18%
28.00%
WEM05
Exterior Walls
Concrete Blokcks | AAC Blocks
-7.15%
-73.18%
28.00%
MEM07
Window Frames
-7.15%
-73.18%
29.00%
MEM08
Window Glazing
- Single Glazing
-7.38%
-73.18%
29.00%
Based on the table presented, it is evident that the materials utilized in this structure are
highly efficient. This is demonstrated by a percentage exceeding 20%. MEM02 - Intermediate
Floor Construction - is the material item that significantly enhances the green efficiency level.
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The building incorporates a concrete slab utilizing the In-situ Reinforced Conventional Slab
type. Notably, the percentage of material usage is consistent throughout the structure.
In order to ensure optimal performance, it is of utmost importance to maintain a balanced
percentage distribution among the various building items. While it may be permissible for the
material percentage to exceed 20%, it is crucial to ensure that the levels of both material and
water items remain within the acceptable range. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the
optimization of items that have a significant impact on other percentage levels. By doing so,
one can ensure that the overall performance of the building is optimized to its fullest potential.
Figure 8. Graphs a Substantial Increase in Emphasis on The Materials Used
The graph above provides clear evidence of a substantial increase in emphasis in the
improved case compared to the base case (Figure 8). This finding strongly indicates that the
building materials used in construction can significantly reduce the structure's energy
consumption and emission levels.
First Optimization: Focus on The Urgency Point
The core goal of optimization is to improve effectiveness by identifying and rectifying
any factors that may be causing a significant reduction. As part of this study, optimization was
staged to ensure that every element reached its desired sustainability level. This method
identifies the underlying causes of inefficiency and enhances the efficiency of all resources,
including energy, water, and materials.
Table 4. Optimize based on the sequential item
ENERGY
WATER
MATERIAL
WEM14
Rainwater Harvesting System
-7.38%
-72.55%
29.00%
WEM15
Waste Water Treatment and
Recycling System: 100%
Treated
-7.38%
-58.60%
29.00%
WEM02
Water-efficient Faucets for all
Bathrooms: 10L/min
4.73%
18.51%
29.00%
EEM18
Domestic Hot Water System:
Solar, Heat Pump, Boiler
8.84%
18.51%
29.00%
EEM07
Green roof
10.49%
18.51%
29.00%
WEM01
Water-efficient
Showerheads:8L/min
10.60%
19.26%
29.00%
WEM02
Water-efficient Faucets for all
Bathrooms: 8L/min
12.41%
34.69%
29.00%
EEM33
On-site Renewable Energy
24.49%
34.69%
29.00%
After analyzing the data presented in the table, it was determined that the initial round of
optimization focused on water and energy items. Notably, the analysis of the water item
revealed that implementing Water Saving Faucets in all Bathrooms (WEM02) led to significant
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performance improvements. Water usage was reduced from 20L/min to 10L/min, and
ultimately to 8L/min, resulting in a remarkable increase in water efficiency of 34.69% (as
indicated in Table 4). These encouraging outcomes were primarily due to the reduced water
volume consumption per minute (Figure 9).
Figure 9. Graph of Optimization results for increasing water efficiency measurement
items
Optimization has also been applied to energy items, resulting in a significant percentage
increase after including renewable materials on site, especially item EEM33. This Material
underwent adjustments by increasing the volume percentage of Solar Photovoltaic use in
buildings by 20%, increasing the total energy percentage by 24.49% (Figure 10).
The research continued with proof in the drawings of the building design. A percentage
above 20% means the building shows good green building value. However, further
optimization is necessary to adapt to the actual conditions if it fails to match the design
conditions.
Figure 10. Optimization graph emphasizing the energy efficiency of the Graha
Amaryllis building
Final Strategy Optimization on Buidling Design
Once each item has surpassed a 20% threshold, a comprehensive analysis of the design
is performed to synchronize shifts in energy focus with the design. An inconsistency within the
building design was uncovered upon executing the initial optimization strategy. Consequently,
adjustments to the optimization plan were required to ensure its effectiveness for building
implementation. The procedure follows a sequential process as outlined below:
1. The initial optimization approach under review is the installation of solar panels on the roof.
However, it has been discovered that the extensive roof space cannot accommodate the full
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quantity of solar panels suggested in Optimize 1. Consequently, adjustments must be made
to item EEM33, specifically On-site Renewable Energy.
2. Adjustments to the solar panel area depicted in EEM33 are necessary to comply with the
minimum roof capacity regulations. Consequently, the solar photovoltaic items previously
set at 20% must now be reduced to 7.2%, resulting in an energy yield of 12.33%.
3. Incorporate the EEM20 device, specifically the Air Economizer, to raise the percentage by
14.88%.
4. 4. Providing skylights to the building of 120m2 of floor area and increasing the percentage
up to 15.31%
5. A modification has been implemented to enhance the energy output in EEM18, specifically
in the domestic hot water system. This involves a shift in the percentage of energy usage,
wherein diesel consumption decreases by 20%, heat pump utilization decreases by 10%, and
boiler usage increases by 70%. This adjustment has resulted in an energy percentage of
17.59%.
6. Make changes by increasing the Solar Photovoltaic coverage area on the roof of the building
by 2.7% so that the total use of On-site Renewable energy is 10%. This can reduce energy
use in the building so that the efficiency percentage obtained is 20.07%.
Table 5. Final optimization of all items by adjusting building conditions
ENERGY
WATER
MATERIAL
MEM04
Roof Construction
- Customized Material: PV
- Concrete Slab | In-Situ Reinforced
Conventional Slab
24.42%
34.69%
23.00%
EEM33
On-site Renewable Energy 7.2% of
Annual Energy Use
12.33%
34.69%
23.00%
EEM20
Economizer:
- Air Economizer
14.88%
34.69%
23.00%
EEM25
Skylight:
- Floor Area 120 m2
15.31%
34.69%
23.00%
EEM18
Domestic Hot Water (DHW) System:
- Solar 20%
- Heat Pump 10%
- Boiler 70%
17.59%
34.69%
23.00%
EEM33
On-site Renewable Energy: 10% of
Annual Energy Use 10%
20.07%
34.69%
23.00%
According to the information presented in the table, it is evident that achieving a high
green level is not simply a matter of reaching a specific number (Table 5). It also requires the
building to be in a suitable condition. If the design does not allow for incorporating elements
that can boost the green percentage, alternative optimization strategies must be explored and
tailored to the building's specific conditions. The final analysis of the Graha Amarilis building
at Karsa Husada Hospital indicates that the optimization of the green percentage is 20.07% for
Energy, 34.69% for Water, and 23.00% for Materials (Figure 11).
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Figure 11. The Final Graph Result of the Energy efficiency measurement based on
compliance with the design
After carrying out a simulation of the green rating optimization strategy using edge
building and knowing what points need to be optimized, the building is re-modeled using
Autodesk Revit (Balo et al., 2020). Elements that can increase the green rating are applied to
buildings (figure 12). Adding shading device fins, increasing the wall window ratio, increasing
more efficient utility plumbing equipment, such as heat pumps, rainwater conservation
systems, solar-powered boilers, using faucets with lower water flow and aeration, installing
solar panels (Shaabany et al., 2018), and also adding skylights be a concrete solution in
optimizing the green rating of the Graha Amarilis inpatient building (Chel et al., 2009).
Re-Modeling of Improved Design: Building Design Revision Based Optimization Edge
Building Parameter
Figure 12. The ultimate design has been revised in accordance with the optimization of
the design, which is based on EDGE Building
Natural lighting simulations were also done using Autodesk Revit with lighting analysis
tools. It is essential to know whether there is an increase in the penetration of indirect sunlight
into buildings. After applying a larger ratio of wall windows to the curtain wall and multi-fin
shading device, a significant daylight factor is obtained, as evidenced by the areas marked in
Assessment and Optimization of Green Buildings in Inpatient Buildings Using EDGE Building Rating
(Case Study: Graha Amarilis of Karsa Husada Batu Academic Hospital)
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green having a daylight factor of 5% and only a few remaining areas that are still below 5%
appearing in black. (Figure 13).
Figure 13. Daylighting Factor Condition After optimization of The Graha Amarilis
Existing Building Facade
CONCLUSION
After carrying out the assessment analysis process of the level of green building
performance in the Graha Amarilis Karsa Husada Batu Academic Hospital case study in
existing conditions, results were obtained on energy and water criteria that had not reached the
minimum green building rating determined by EDGE Building, namely 20%. This is due to the
use and processing of non-renewable energy and resources, so this building cannot be
categorized as green building. The main factor that reduced of water efficiency criteria caused
by high water consumption is managing water flow by installing conventional taps and using
conventional water heaters. Meanwhile, the building's energy content, which still relies on PLN
electricity sources and generators, also supports the drastic reduction in the green rating level.
Therefore, an optimization strategy focusing on these two substances is needed to increase
green ranking. The items that were optimized were energy items EEM18 (Domestic Hot and
Water (DHW) System), EEM33 (On-site Renewable Energy), EEM20 (Economizer), and
EEM25 (Skylight). On the water item, optimization was carried out at points WEM 01 (Water-
efficient showerheads), and WEM 02 (Water-efficient Faucets for all Bathrooms). Finally, after
several simulations on this item, energy consumption savings were obtained by 20.07%, water
by 34.69%, and materials by 23.00%. With these adjustments, the Graha Amarilis Inpatient
Building can reach green building standards and become more sustainable and environmentally
friendly.
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Copyright holders:
Angga Perdana, Agung Sedayu, Nur Kharismawardani, Krisna Adi Permana (2024)
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Injurity - Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
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