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BAKARO RECREATION PARK IN MANOKWARI REGENCY –
HERITAGE ARCHITECTURE
Gabriel Joseph David, Pingkan Peggy Egam, Ingerid L. Moniaga
Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Indonesia
Email: gabr[email protected]srat.ac.id
Abstract
Manokwari Regency's Bakaro Recreation Park is a project to develop a lively and sustainable recreational area
for the locals and tourists. This multipurpose park will combine recreational elements including playgrounds,
green areas, walking trails, picnic sites, and lodging areas with the natural beauty of the surrounding landscape.
Additionally, the design will include aspects that pay tribute to the region's indigenous traditions, which means it
is heritage in the site. Environmental sustainability is one of the project's main objectives, with an emphasis on
eco-friendly landscaping employing local flora and landscape elements. In summary, Bakaro Recreation Park
aims to create a treasured place for leisure while representing environmental preservation and community pride
by integrating nature, recreation, culture, and sustainability harmonically.
Keywords: Recreation Park, Manokwari, Heritage
INTRODUCTION
Everyone needs recreation since it provides a chance to unwind and a break from daily
chores. Fun activities and vacations are unique because they allow us to get away from work
and the city, reconnect with nature, discover new locations, and create enduring memories.
Because of its stunning coastline regions, Manokwari Regency depends heavily on tourism.
But improved planning and administration are required if we are to fully realize this promise.
Many of the local tourist attractions now lack services and facilities that would enhance visitors'
enjoyment. We should concentrate on enhancing infrastructure, exhibiting regional culture and
natural beauty, engaging the community, safeguarding the environment, and publicizing our
attractions if we want to turn Manokwari Regency into a top tourism destination. In this way,
we can improve the quality of life in our town and provide tourists with an amazing experience,
all while contributing to the local economy. Manokwari Regency recreation areas can be
extremely important for maintaining and promoting the culture of the area. As we can see in
this era, there is a persistent absence of children's voices in heritage knowledge (Laing & Frost,
2017). That is why this park can assist children and families in better understanding Manokwari
Regency heritage. These locations become more than just places to hang out when cultural
events and components are incorporated; they become living galleries of the area's history,
encouraging a closer bond between the locals, their culture, and the environment.
RESEARCH METHOD
The method of architectural design is a component of the overall project process, which
includes design, construction, management, and use (Indrosaptono & Triastity, 2021). When
designing the "Bakaro Recreation Park in Manokwari Regency," the author uses a strategy that
blends the extra theme of heritage architecture with a typological approach to the historical,
form, functional components, and style of the recreational park. This method guarantees that a
building's design always takes into account the natural and cultural legacy of the surrounding
area; in this example, the cultures represented by the two indigenous tribes that call Manokwari
Regency home. The design approach mentioned over uses two (2) methods:
1. Research Data Gaining Techniques
Injuruty: Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
Volume 3, Number 2, February 2024
e-ISSN: 2963-4113 and p-ISSN: 2963-3397
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a. Interview: Holding direct Q&A sessions with institutions or people who are
knowledgeable about and connected to the design object.
b. Literature Review: In-depth analysis of the design theme and title is done here.
c. Observation: Gaining firsthand knowledge of the site's conditions by conducting direct
observations at locations associated with the design object.
d. Comparative Study: Using online resources and literature reviews, contextual studies of
comparable items or facilities are carried out.
2. Methods to Data Processing (Design Methods)
a. Design Experiment: Using a transformation process to visualize forms in two or three
dimensions, design concepts are tested through trial and error.
b. Image Study: Analyzing object forms visually in order to develop design concepts that
complement the design's title and theme.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The following outcomes in terms of data gathering were attained:
1. Recreation Park Recreational parks are lovely settings for mental and physical renewal.
Coltier in Salvador & Chan, (2007) defines a recreational park as a "closed universe" where
the goal is to combine the surreal atmosphere it creates with the desire of visitors to pay for
the experience. Recreation Park typhology explained as follows:
a. Historic Typology
The world's oldest recreational park, Dyrehavsbakken or Bakken in Copenhagen,
Denmark, was first opened in 1583 as a royal hunting ground and currently has 101 rides
and a variety of restaurants. The first recreational parks in America date back to the
sixteenth century in Europe, where sports and Le, (2022) leisure activities were
progressively incorporated into public parks. The 19th-century shift from fairgrounds to
parks was a pivotal moment that influenced the development of public recreation areas
in the 20th century. After Disneyland opened in 1955, theme parks all over the world
began to expand, starting with the Efteling Recreational Park in the Netherlands and
continuing through the evolution of parks in Asia, including Happy Valley Park in
Singapore and the New World Amusement Park. Indonesia's first recreational park,
Taman Impian Jaya Ancol, was built in 1966 after construction started in 1960 and was
modeled after Disneyland.
b. Functional Typology
Recreational parks serve the following categories of purposes:
1) Strengthening the local economy by expanding commercial and tourism prospects.
2) Offering tourists cultural experiences and educational insights through a range of
exhibits and attractions.
3) Providing distinctive leisure spaces where visitors can immerse themselves in fresh
and interesting experiences, like exhilarating rides and enthralling performances.
4) Offering guests a tranquil getaway from their everyday schedules, giving them the
chance to decompress and take in unusual tales and sights that they wouldn't normally
come across.
5) Presenting educational stories that highlight the background and significance of the
park's attractions while highlighting the value of animal welfare and environmental
preservation.
6) Promoting personal growth via a range of leisure pursuits, inspiring guests to take
risks and pick up new abilities and knowledge.
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7) Promoting visitor bonding and social interactions so that families and friends can
make lasting impressions. It also helps people make new friends with complete
strangers and has the potential to create unique experiences through interactions with
park staff.
c. Form Typology
Two common typologies found in recreational parks are the "hub and spoke" and
"loop" forms :
a) Hub and Spoke: A focal point that links to numerous pathways, or spokes, that lead to
different park amenities and attractions is what defines the hub and spoke design. The
hub facilitates easy access to various locations and acts as a focal point, allowing
guests to navigate around the site with ease. This arrangement maximizes the use of
available space, guaranteeing effective exploration without the possibility of getting
lost.
b) Loop
A recreational park's loop design is characterized by a continuous, circular
pathway encircling the park's main features. This design makes navigation simple and
guarantees that visitors can explore all of the park's important features without having
to backtrack or encounter dead ends. This smooth design offers a well-organized and
unified journey, improving the overall experience for visitors.
d. Style typology
Recreationalpark styles use a variety of facade design and theme techniques,
presenting contrasting, thematic elements or incorporating elements that harmonize with
the surrounding environment to create unique and captivating experiences for guests.
Recreationalpark styles are varied and include cultural heritage-focused traditional
styles, opulent presidential styles reflecting grandeur and historic significance,
innovative yet artistic postmodern styles, immersive entertainment-focused theme park
styles, and new traditional styles fusing traditional aesthetics with contemporary
elements to create a harmonious and modern atmosphere. As a example a rich
architectural experience can be had at Jatim Park 1 in Batu, Indonesia, which combines
postmodern and traditional designs with traditional Javanese structures and symbolic
representations of presidents. All ages are entertained by the park's captivating theme
attractions, and the addition of the new traditional style results in a striking tribute to
Javanese culture that guarantees an engrossing exploration of Indonesia's rich
architectural legacy.
2. Site Evaluation
The following elements are part of the design's site selection criteria:
a. A well-known tourist destination should be the site of choice to guarantee high foot traffic
and visibility.
b. It's imperative to be accessible to cars and pedestrians alike.
c. The design of the site ought to be in keeping with its intended use, emphasizing its
potential as a tourist destination.
d. To accommodate a variety of recreational amenities, a sizable land area is preferred.
e. Being close to residential areas is advantageous since it draws potential tourists and
guarantees easy access for locals.
Bakaro Village, Manokwari Regency, West Papua province is the location of the
design object based on the location selection criteria.
There are three tribes in Manokwari, but two of them are the most important: the
Doreri and the Arfak (Ronsumbre, 2020). Both have distinct cultures that are influenced by
the geography in which they live.
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Finally, because the site is located on the coast and has its own cultural characteristics,
the physical potential and cultural characteristics of the area must be optimized as part of an
integrative (integrated) coastal area planning and design effort (Pingkan Peggy Egam &
Rengkung, 2015).
Figure 1. Site map
3. Heritage Architecture
Heritage is defined by the KBBI as something that is inherited, etymologically
speaking. According to UNESCO (1972) Heritage, (2014), world heritage is divided into
two categories: cultural heritage and natural heritage. The first category was cultural
heritage, which included monuments, groups of buildings, and sites. Natural features,
geological and physiographical formations, and natural sites are all considered for natural
heritage. Local culture is what is inherited in this instance. Heritage architecture, broadly
speaking, refers to any buildings or structures that are integral to a place's history and culture
and have significant historical or cultural value. These types of buildings require
conservation in order to be preserved. Understanding what natural and cultural heritage the
design object can offer is necessary when designing with a heritage architectural design
theme. In terms of the cultures on display, the customs that are worthy of being showcased,
and the narratives you hope to portray through the design piece. The following is an
explanation of the principles:
a. Local knowledge or elements are used
b. Local historic buildings are being duplicated
c. Local resources are utilized
d. Continue to be sustainable to preserve current legacies over time.
e. Local history education has a component.
This will be heritage to showcase:
a. Fish summoning ritual
The locals have a custom of calling fish by using whistles and offering food in the
form of anthills to persuade the fish to surface from the water and approach. Many tribes
still perform this ritual, but they think there's a magical element that makes it effective at
West Papua Province Manokwari Regency East Manokwari District
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calling fish. According to one of the summoners, he assured that this summoning does not
have a magical element, despite what some visitors believe. This caller believes that
techniques for catching fish without using poison or bombing fish habitats are required.
Giving the fish a termite nest and calling it with a whistle allows the fish to call itself. Fish
species include Ocean-Pacific sergeant, parrot fish, trevally fish, and others. This gift and
talent has now been quoted from one of the elders who is the summoner and has passed it
down to his wife and children, and he has stated that visitors can also experience summoning
this fish.
Figure 3. Fish Summoning Ritual
b. Kaki Seribu House
The Arfak Tribe (Hatam, Meyakh, Sougb, and Moile) constructed a particular style of
traditional home known as the "traditional kaki seribu house." This structure was dubbed a
"kaki seribu" because so much wood was used in its construction (Hematang, Setyowati, &
Hardiman, 2014; Nur Istiqomah, 2021).
Figure 4. Kaki Seribu House Sketch
c. Rumsram House
The Doreri tribe, who are Biak-Numfor people who settled in the Doreri Bay area of
Manokwari, constructed this house. Rumsram is used by one family, whereas Rumsom
House is occupied by young boys between the ages of 11 and 22 who are still unmarried.
The Rumsom House's purpose is to teach the young men who reside there about farming,
fishing, warfare, dancing, carpentry, and boat building (Haba, 2012).
Figure 5. Rumsram House
d. Tumbu Tanah Traditional Dance
The Arfak tribe, who inhabit Manokwari, is known for their traditional dance, the
Tumbu Tanah. Due to the dance's resemblance to a snake coiling around a tree, it is also
known as the snake dance. This dance is typically performed to celebrate significant
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occasions like marriage ceremonies, the arrival of guests from outside the Arfak community,
and war victories (Aprianto, 2019).
The following outcomes in terms of data processed were attained:
1. Concept
Natural and cultural heritage will influence the design of the object in order to create
a space that can display the diversity of this heritage. The Heritage Architecture approach
emphasizes the significance of preserving and displaying cultural and natural heritage in a
space (Paul & Roy, 2017). Combining a recreational and tourism heritage with natural and
cultural heritage conservation is a delicate and critical balance that many regions strive for
(Hamm, 2023).
Participation of local communities in developing regional planning based on local
culture is critical in this case and when developing design concepts. Participation of society
is viewed as an alternative and idea for implementing development sustainability in a city
(Pingkan Peggy Egam & Rengkung, 2015). Because this heritage must be seen in the long
term, particularly for local communities, sustainability must be incorporated into the
planning concept. Sustainable tourism development is expected to ensure the survival of
natural resources, the economy, and local wisdom (Fatimah, 2020).
For concept, creative-tourism also considered for make childern and families enjoy
the heritage itself. Visitors to creative tourism participate in hands-on, interactive
experiences that connect them to the local culture and heritage. Gil, (2019) When applied to
local heritage, creative tourism can provide one-of-a-kind and authentic encounters that help
to preserve and promote cultural assets.
To make such as wonderful place in a site full of cultural and natural heritage
uniqueness need a well planning. Details of planning must be adjusted to suit the
characteristics of the location, particularly the existing division of cultural space. Planning
entails not only the physical arrangement of space, but also the surrounding community
activities, cultural activities, rules and policies, and the upkeep of cultural heritage objects
and the spaces around them (Pingkan Peggy Egam & Mishima, 2014).
As a result, the Bakaro Recreation Park's des.ign will reflect the influence of cultural
and natural heritage in every aspect. This is a brief description of how the theme's principles
are applied or implemented:
Table 1. Implementation of Heritage Architecture Aprroach into Design Aspect
Design Aspect
Space Aspect
Function Aspect
Structure and
Utilitry Aspect
HERITAGE ARCHITECTURE
PRINCIPLES
Local
Elements
The interior
spaces make use
of regional
elements.
Because of the use of
local elements, the
design object serves as
a recreation that
educates visitors about
culture and local
elements.
Local element
principles dominate
the use of materials.
Replica
Creating spaces
that make use of
architectural
heritage
Adding recreational
functions to historic
structures architectural
Using the same
building materials
as those used in
architectural
heritage
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Design Aspect
Space Aspect
Function Aspect
Structure and
Utilitry Aspect
Local
Material
-
-
Utilizing locally
available resources,
such as wood for
the building's main
structure and leaves
for the roof
covering
Sustainability
Creating spaces
that will remain
relevant in the
long run
-
Use of other sturdy
and long-lasting
building materials
to preserve existing
heritage
Education
Existing
educational
spaces can
facilitate
interaction
between heritage
and visitors.
Design objects can
provide not only
entertainment but also
education, information,
and heritage
knowledge.
existing patrimony
-
2. Zoning and Mass Placement in Site
In land zoning planning, the function and nature of each space is considered to be
placed in accordance with a study of the site and the surrounding environment.
Figure 6. Zoning Plan
The sun's direction, the wind's direction, noise levels, and the site's exterior view all
play a role in where the building mass is positioned. This building's building masses are all
oriented with the best view toward the beach. In addition to having a view of the beach, the
site's orientation towards the beach is thought to be unaffected by afternoon light because
of the sun setting to the west of it.
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Figure 7. Mass Placement in Site
a. Accessibility on Site
The site's pedestrian circulation system receives greater attention and a larger
portion. Turtles and birds of paradise serve as inspiration for the circulation form, which
embodies the theme. Every tribe in Manokwari has a great deal of respect for these two
creatures.
Figure 8. Pedestrian Circulation
To make it easier for guests to transport vehicles, vehicle circulation is made
directly or not twisted, and it is adjusted for pedestrian traffic and vehicle size. A green
lane with vegetation planted in it separates traffic flow for vehicles and pedestrians.
Figure 9. Vehicle Circulation
b. Mass Configuartion
The transformation of this object's geometric configuration is inspired by
traditional houses, emphasizing its commitment to preserving and respecting cultural
heritage. The implementation of the theme in the mass of the building can be seen by
using the characteristics of traditional West Papuan houses.
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Figure 10. Mass Configuration of Fish Summoning Mass
Figure 11. Mass Configuration of Information Center
c. Final Design
1) Site Plan
As we can see at figure 12, the site plan is modified to accommodate the existing
space's zoning. To make it easier for visitors to find the location, the main entrance is
located directly in front of the main road. Public spaces and facilities such as
information centers, aquariums, and restaurants are located in the center of the site to
make them easily accessible, while camping areas are located in the private zone to
avoid noise from public areas.
The fish summoning attraction section is located directly in front of the beach
because its function requires it to be there so that visitors can get a better view of the
fish summoning. Beach recreation, like fish summoning, is located near the beach.
This site's planning also called for public open space. Public open space is an
open space that is always located outside the mass of buildings and can be used by
anyone and provides opportunities for a variety of activities (P P Egam, Thambas,
Siregar, Waani, & Lakat, 2023). So for public open space there are amphitheater for
displaying West Papuan dances and cultural performances. In addition, the Matoa
garden and labyrinth are located in public areas. With the creation of open spaces that
display various cultural and natural heritage owned by Manokwari Regency,
educational theme principles were implemented.
The service and management area are also located in the private and service
areas and are protected by barriers to prevent unauthorized visitors from entering. The
parking area is located near the main entrance and is shaded by vegetation.
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Figure 12. Site Plan
2) Building Design and Façade
a) Fish Summoning Atrraction
The main building in this recreation park, the fish summoning attraction, is
designed in the style of a traditional Rumah Rumsram house. This fish summoning
attraction is also designed to be long in order to accommodate visitors comfortably
and provide the best view of the fish summoning. There are two buildings dedicated
to this attraction, one for information about the attraction's history and what types
of fish can be summoned, and the other for visitors to see how the fish are
summoned. Both buildings' facades depict sea waves on Bakaro Beach, with
illustrations of fish inspired by the type of fish they are named after.
Figure 13. Fish Summoning Attraction Elevation
b) Infromation center
The information center is designed in the shape of a traditional Rumah Kaki
Seribu, which also serves as a welcome center for visitors.
Legend
1) Main Entrance
2) Ticket Booth
3) Information
Center
4) Rabbit Park
5) Aquarium
6) Restaurant
7) Camping Ground
8) Outbound Area
9) Playground
10) Fish Summoning
Attraction
11) Beach Recreation
Area
12) Amphitheater
13) Labyrinth
14) Matoa Garden
15) Parking Lot
16) Management and
Service Area
1
16
15
15
2
3
5
6
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
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Figure 14. Information Center Elevation
c) Interior and Exterior
As for the interior and exterior, the use of local elements and materials is used
to explain the existing culture's identity. The placement of existing buildings and
green areas is intended to create a series of visions that will keep visitors interested.
Figure 15. Fish Summoning Attraction and Information Center Interior
Figure 16. Exterior (Rabbit Park and Camping Ground)
3) Perspective
As we can see from the outside of the building, either the facade or the open
area around it, the function of the building can be explained. For example, the fish
calling attraction building has a large fish statue as the vocal point of the recreation
park to attract visitors' attention and become the park's main identity.
Figure 17. Human Eye View Perspective of the Building
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Figure 18. Bird view Perspective of the Site
CONCLUSION
In summary, Bakaro Recreation Park in Manokwari Regency stands as a harmonious
fusion of pristine natural surroundings, profound cultural legacy, and environmentally
conscious planning. This extensive endeavor is dedicated to crafting a lively and all-
encompassing environment accessible to both the local populace and tourists.
This heritage architecture theme is used to highlight the park's cultural and natural
heritage as the most important feature. The use of local elements, for example, is a theme
element used in the site layout, building design, interior and exterior. Architectural heritage
duplication is also used in building design. Heritage education is included to strengthen the
identity of that heritage. The use of locally sourced materials also helps to preserve existing
cultural and natural heritage.
The park's versatile attributes, which encompass communal areas, customary
architectural elements, artistic representations of culture, and informative signposts,
collectively serve as a living embodiment of the enduring customs upheld by the Arfak and
Doreri tribes.
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Copyright holders:
Gabriel Joseph David, Pingkan Peggy Egam, Ingerid L. Moniaga (2024)
First publication right:
Injurity - Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
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