Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY)

Road Damage Analysis On Inter-City Roads Using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Approach In West Java Indonesia

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Poor road infrastructure conditions have a significant impact on transportation efficiency, user safety, and logistics costs, especially in areas with tropical climates and heavy vehicle traffic such as in West Java. This study aims to evaluate the condition of road pavement on the Jangga–Cikamurang Road section in Indramayu Regency using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. The survey was conducted visually along 1 kilometer of road, which was divided into 10 segments of 100 meters each. Observations included identification of the type of damage, severity, and extent of damage in each segment. The results of the study showed that the most dominant types of damage were alligator cracking (42.47%) and depression (33.63%) with high severity. The PCI values obtained varied between 6 and 78, with 60% of segments categorized as poor to failed, and only 10% in satisfactory condition. These findings indicate that most road sections are in unserviceable conditions and require structural handling. Based on the PCI value classification, reconstruction actions are recommended for segments with PCI < 55, overlay and structural maintenance for PCI 55–70, and preventive maintenance for PCI > 70. This study confirms the importance of implementing PCI as a technical decision-making tool in sustainable road maintenance planning.

Optimization of Personal Data Rights Protection in Artificial Intelligence Era Under Indonesia’s Cybersecurity Law

Dwi Nugroho Masudianto, Megawati Barthos — Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The unclear regulation regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (UU PDP) poses significant challenges in personal data protection in Indonesia, especially in automatic data processing, algorithm transparency, and accountability for AI-based decisions. The current PDP Law focuses on general data protection without explicitly regulating how AI can process, store, and use personal data, thus creating legal loopholes that can be exploited by various parties. The main risks that arise include data exploitation without consent, information leakage, data scraping, and discrimination due to algorithmic bias that may harm certain individuals or groups. In addition, the black box problem phenomenon in AI-based decision-making further complicates legal accountability because the system works in a complex and difficult-to-understand way. Without strict regulations, certain companies or entities can use AI to make decisions that impact individuals without transparency or legal mechanisms that allow data subjects to sue or request explanations. Compared to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which has set transparency and accountability of AI systems laws, the PDP Law has yet to adopt concepts such as Explainable AI (XAI), which ensures that AI decisions can be understood by humans. Therefore, this study highlights the urgency of strengthening personal data protection regulations that cover the use of AI by referring to global practices to create a balance between technological innovation and the protection of individual rights.

Application of Real Options with Binomial Model in the Valuation of the "Oilnergy-2" Oil Field Investment Project

Viasido Sarumpaet — Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzes the application of real options valuation using a binomial model in assessing the offshore oilfield investment project OILNERGY-2. The methodology employs the Four-Step Approach developed by Tom Copeland and Vladimir Antikarov to compute the value of embedded options. Traditional capital budgeting techniques, such as Net Present Value (NPV), frequently underestimate project value byneglecting the indirect cash flows arising from managerial flexibility in decision-making. The research identifies two strategic real options within the project: an option to abandon valued at $174,972 and an option to expand valued at $506,432. Utilizing a binomial option pricing model with an annualized volatility of 25%, a risk-free interest rate of 5%, andquarterly time steps, the analysis demonstrates that the incorporation of real options adds value beyond the conventional NPV metric. The aggregated model indicates a total project valuation increase of $174,972 compared to the base-case NPV of $9.5 million. The findings underscore that the real options framework enhances investment decision support by integrating managerial flexibility and uncertainty management. This approach is especially pertinent in oil and gas exploration ventures, which are characterized by high uncertainty and significant sunk costsinherent in upstream investments

Mother Wound: No Longer a Legacy for Our Children

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The concept of Mother Wound refers to the emotional trauma caused by inadequate parenting, neglect, or emotional abandonment by a mother. This trauma can significantly impact an individual's mental and emotional health, often carrying effects into adulthood. The unresolved emotional wounds not only affect the person who experienced them but also influence their parenting styles, potentially passing on these wounds to the next generation. According to transgenerational trauma theory, these unresolved emotional scars can be transmitted through biological and psychosocial factors. Understanding and addressing the Mother Wound is crucial, as it enables individuals to identify and heal the negative impacts of unhealthy parenting. With this knowledge, one can work toward healing insecure attachment patterns, building healthier relationships, and supporting emotional growth. Education on Mother Wound is therefore essential for parents to recognize and overcome their own emotional wounds, ensuring they do not pass them on to their children. This article aims to provide insights into the importance of understanding and healing the Mother Wound to break the cycle of emotional inheritance and promote healthier generational relationships.

Customary Land Rights Versus Land Use Rights (HGU)

Syamsuddin Pasamai — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study discusses the legal conflict between customary rights of customary law communities and the right to use business (HGU) given by the state to third parties, especially large companies. Customary rights as communal rights of indigenous peoples are recognized in a limited way in the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), but in practice they are often marginalized by economic interests through the granting of HGU. The research approach used is normative juridical by analyzing relevant laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The results of the study show that the strengthening of HGU in agrarian policies and the weak protection of customary rights trigger land conflicts and social injustice. Therefore, it is necessary to reformulate land policies that are more equitable and in favor of indigenous peoples while still paying attention to the principles of the social function of land as mandated in the UUPA and the 1945 Constitution.

Efforts to Realize Inclusive Justice through Restorative Justice in the Natuna Islands Community

Neilpon Yulinar Marquez, Abdullah Sulaiman — Wed, 09 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Just law enforcement in an archipelago such as Natuna faces various challenges, especially related to limited access to the formal justice system. This study aims to analyze efforts to realize inclusive justice through a restorative justice approach in the Natuna Islands community. Using a normative juridical method, this study examines relevant laws and legal literature that support the application of restorative justice as an alternative dispute resolution. The results indicate that the restorative justice approach can be an effective solution to create more equitable and humanistic justice, emphasizing restoring social relations between perpetrators, victims, and the community. Amidst the limited formal legal infrastructure in the archipelago, this model can provide access to justice that is more easily accessible and follows local values. The application of restorative justice in Natuna can also strengthen community participation in the conflict resolution process while enriching customary law practices that have long been part of the community's social life. This study recommends formal integration between the national legal system and the restorative justice approach, especially in the context of 3T (frontier, outermost, and disadvantaged) areas, to realize inclusive and sustainable justice.

The Role Of Brand Love And Wom In Mediating The Influence Of Brand Experience On Repurchase Intention

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research adopts the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory as the grand framework to explain the relationships between the studied variables. The study was conducted on Larissa skincare customers in Denpasar using a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 145 respondents who are active customers and meet the criteria of making at least two repeat purchases in the past six months. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula, and the sampling technique employed was simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The results show that brand experience does not have a significant direct effect on repurchase intention, but it has a significant positive effect on both brand love and word of mouth. Furthermore, both brand love and word of mouth have a significant positive influence on repurchase intention. These findings indicate that the effect of brand experience on repurchase intention is indirect and fully mediated by brand love and word of mouth. This study is expected to contribute theoretically to the development of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, particularly in the context of forming repurchase intention through consumers' psychological mechanisms. In practical terms, the findings also offer valuable insights for companies to formulate more targeted marketing strategies. By strategically managing brand experience, strengthening emotional attachment through brand love, and encouraging positive consumer communication via word of mouth, companies can enhance customer loyalty and promote sustainable repurchase behavior.

Reconstruction of the Correctional System within the Framework of Criminal Justice

Taufik Tri Prabowo, Abudllah Sulaiman — Wed, 09 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the reconstruction of the correctional system within Indonesia’s criminal justice framework following the enactment of Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections. The shift from Law Number 12 of 1995 to the new regulation marks a significant paradigm change in penal policy-from a narrow interpretation focused on imprisonment to a broader correctional approach that is more corrective, rehabilitative, and restorative. Employing a normative legal research method with conceptual and statutory approaches, this study explores the evolving roles, responsibilities, and positioning of corrections within the entire criminal justice process, from pre-adjudication to post-adjudication stages. The findings indicate that the previous construction of corrections as merely executing custodial sentences is outdated and no longer compatible with legal developments, social dynamics, or contemporary demands for human rights protection. Law No. 22 of 2022 expands the mandate of corrections as a penitentiary system integrated with other key regulations such as the Penal Code (KUHP), Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), and Juvenile Justice Law (UU SPPA). Consequently, a redefinition of the concept, structure, and function of corrections is required to ensure adaptability, institutional effectiveness, and alignment with modern penal paradigms. This study concludes that the reconstruction of Indonesia’s correctional system must be understood as a systemic transformation, not merely an administrative revision, to support a more humane, transformative, and nationally contextualized criminal justice system.

Market Retribution: Optimization Of Regional Original Revenue In Cirebon City

Endah Purwati, Nurul Sufilah, Moh.Taufik Hidayat, R. Mahendra Haryo Bharoto — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Optimization of Regional Original Revenue (PAD) from the Morning Market Levy managed by the Pasar Berintan Regional Public Company. This research is located at the Morning Market of Cirebon City. The research method used is a qualitative research method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research obtained are that the morning market levy payment system is still manual in recording and reporting, in addition to that, the levy revenue from the morning market at its realization has not reached optimal and is not on target due to the declining purchasing power of the community which has an impact on the income of Morning Market traders so that the market levy income is not in accordance with the nominal in Mayor Regulation No. 80 of 2021, the Type A people's market is required to pay three types of services namely 1) daily service services 2) daily cleaning services 3) daily order services as a whole the total levy must be paid by Morning Market traders of Rp.18,000 every day. Upon realization, Morning Market traders pay a levy of Rp.3000-Rp.10,000 stalls/day which has an impact on the receipt of market levies and its contribution to Regional Original Revenue (PAD), good cooperation is needed between traders, market managers and Perumda in an effort to overcome problems in order to achieve the optimization of Morning Market levy revenue.